Measuring and managing interest rate risks - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1046 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Critically evaluate the re-pricing model, maturity model and duration model that are used by financial institutions for measuring and managing interest rate risk. Your answer should also indicate the method preferred by the BIS and the reasons why this is the case. Interest risk is the possibility of unexpected adverse changes in interest revenues and expenses. It can be shown that interest rate changes are unpredictable almost 100%. They depend on monetary policy; supply and demand, inflation etc. These in turn depend on many other factors. So how do financial institutions manage the risk of fluctuating interest rates give that they cannot predict it? The immunization of a portfolio against interest rate risk means that the portfolio will neither gain nor lose value if interest rates change. In this essay we will look at some of the different models used by financial institutions for managing interest rate risk. They are the re-pricing model, the maturit y model and the duration model. We will describe them and evaluate the comparative advantages and disadvantages each model assumes. Firstly we consider the re-pricing model. It is a balance sheet where assets and liabilities are grouped according to the time periods in which the different assets and liabilities are rate sensitive. Assets or liabilities are rate sensitive within a given time period if the values of each are subject to receiving a different interest rate should market rates change. These groupings are referred to as ‘maturity buckets’. Then ‘Gap analysis’ is conducted where the rate sensitive liabilities are subtracted from rate sensitive assets for each maturity bucket. This is called the GAP. It can be shown that GAP * interest change = net interest income (or profit) change or the interest margin. We can also calculate the cumulative gap(CGAP) by adding up the gaps in the brackets over a period of time, for example 1 year. As long as CG APlt;0, there exists a net negative effect of a rate increase on net interest income. For each moment in time CGAP * interest change indicates how much higher or lower at that moment the net interest income is. The idea is that the risk can be managed by reducing gaps in individual maturity ‘buckets’ towards zero by using different combinations of assets and liabilities of different maturities. The advantage of this model is that is simple to use. The disadvantages are that it is static. That is, it only uses current balances without taking into account possible growth or changes in activities. It captures a specific moment in time as if nothing else would change, but there will be a change because interest rate fluctuation continues. In addition the model assumes that all rate sensitive assets and liabilities follow the change in market interest rates 100% at their moment of re-pricing which is not always the case. Short-term assets may change faster than long-te rm assets and some financial contracts limit rate adjustment. If the chosen maturity buckets are too long, the re-pricing model may produce inaccurate results because there may be large differences in the time to re-pricing for different securities within each maturity bucket. Similarly, the maturity gap for a bank is the average maturity of the assets minus the average maturity of the liabilities within each maturity bracket. For a given change in interest rates, fixed-rate assets with longer-term maturities will have greater changes in price than assets with shorter maturities. We can immunise the balance sheet by matching the maturities of assets and liabilities. From the standpoint of the maturity model, if the average maturity of assets is 1.5 years and the average maturity of liabilities is 1.5 years, and then the FI has no interest rate risk exposure. A major shortcoming of the maturity and the re-pricing model is its neglect of reinvestment income on interim cash fl ows and the timing of the cash flows is likely to differ between the assets and liabilities. A duration model uses the maturity or re-pricing schedule but applies sensitivity weights to each time band. Such weights are based on estimates of the duration of the assets and liabilities that fall into each time band. Duration is a measure of the percentage change in the economic value of a position that will occur given a small change in the level of interest rates under the simplifying assumptions that changes in value are proportional to changes in the level of interest rates and that the timing of payments is fixed. An average duration is assumed for the assets and liabilities within each maturity bracket. The average durations are then multiplied by an assumed change in interest rates to construct a weight for each time band. The weighted gaps are aggregated across time bands to produce an estimate of the change in net interest income for the bank. The BIS, an international or ganisation for central banks and other agencies in pursuit of monetary and financial stability, regularly publishes reviews and guidelines for financial institutions. It advises that estimates derived from a standard duration approach may provide an good approximation of a banks exposure to in interest rates for relatively non-complex banks. However, for more complex banks it advises modified models that relax some assumptions of the standard duration model such as the linearity between percentage changes in value and percentage change in market interest rate and the assumption that cash flows are fixed, which is an important limitation of standard duration models. Foe example an institution could estimate the effect of changing market rates by calculating the precise duration of each asset and liability and then deriving the net interest income for the bank. The answer is the based on more accurate duration measures. More complex models are available, such as various simulations based on predicting the future interest rate movement using Monte Carlo simulations and which take into account various other factor such as consumer behavior, for example, and attempts to model it. The BIS warns that these models, while more comprehensive require more care and are only as good as the assumptions used. They advise effective management and frequent re-assessment of assumptions underlying the model. Sources. https://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2004/el2004-26.html https://www.few.eur.nl/few/people/smant/a1609/notes/c4_fininst2-riskintr.pdf https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs108.pdf Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Measuring and managing interest rate risks" essay for you Create order

The Struggles Faced In The Color Purple And The Joy Luck...

The Struggles Faced in The Color Purple and The Joy Luck Club A common bond of struggle links the novels The Color Purple by Alice Walker and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Rape, suicide, death, war, oppression, and racism invade the two novels. In The Color Purple, Celie overcomes racism, violence, and other issues to find dignity and love. In the Joy Luck Club, the daughters struggle for acceptance, love, and happiness. Though the characters endure many hardships they survive not only by not becoming bitter individuals but becoming more whole individuals. Celie in The Color Purple has struggled since the very beginning because of the poor treatment she has received by men. Being raped by her father Fonso, Celie becomes pregnant and†¦show more content†¦Although Albert insult her when she decides to leave him and go with Shug. He criticizes her for her poverty, color, gender, and looks. This new philosophy that positions Celie ‘being part of everything, not separate at all’ fortifies her with self-acceptance and leads her to reject male mastery (Hankinson, 3)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; When Celie moves into Shug’s house she discovers a newfound freedom made possible by Shug. Walkers’ women transform their lives and focus on female bonding. Celie and the women surrounding her struggle for bondage. Celie finds a bond with many females. Walker introduces the hint of Celies sexual attraction to women in church. Afraid of men because of the cruel treatment by her father, Celie turns more and more towards the company of women, who represent love, warmth, and feelings of solidarity to her. Celie affirms her sexual identity in her relationship with Shug Avery. For now, it is manifested merely as what men cannot offer. Shug helps Celie aware of her own sexuality, and ironically ‘redefines’ her as a ‘virgin’ (Hall, 4) Shug helps Celie with self-identification. A bondage that Celie faces is the discovery of Nettie’s letters that Albert has hidden from her. She has regained bondage with her sister whom she thought was no longer alive. She bonded with Shug to find the letters and with the help of Shug she was advised not to kill Albert even though it was tough for Celie to accept this for the loveShow MoreRelatedThe Struggles Faced in the Color Purple and the Joy Luck Club1856 Words   |  8 PagesThe Struggles Faced in The Color Purple and The Joy Luck Club A common bond of struggle links the novels The Color Purple by Alice Walker and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Rape, suicide, death, war, oppression, and racism invade the two novels. In The Color Purple, Celie overcomes racism, violence, and other issues to find dignity and love. In the Joy Luck Club, the daughters struggle for acceptance, love, and happiness. Though the characters endure many hardships they survive not only by not becomingRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageseat at the same table with him, and a fountain clerk in St. Louis refused to serve him a soft drink. He dealt with these slights the way he would his entire life: He turned away quietly. But Langston decided that instead of running away from the color line and hating himself for being black, like his father had, he would write about the real-life experiences of black people. He was determined to write stories about Negroes, so true that people in faraway lands would read them. James LangstonRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagesgive a damn what people think and I ve never felt comfortable with authority. I like guys who run the red light, if you know what I mean. But now†¦ I didn t say what I wanted. I said what I thought people expected of me. It was wack. I drove the club s Audi and stood there nodding like back in school, or like I should have stood nodding back in school. I didn t give my team mates any crap. I was boring. Zlatan wasn t Zlatan, and that hadn t happen since back in school when I saw chicks inRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 Pagesfrom friends and rely on phone calls and e-mail messages as a means of sharing thoughts. The new environment and the new setting make even the bravest individual feel scared as he or she encounters many sudden changes and undergoes many kinds of struggles in a short period of time. Despite these difficulties, going abroad has many benefits, for it gives a person the chance to see the world, to face new challenges, to make new friends, and to gain more knowledge about people and places. Before I cameRead MoreVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 Pagesdanger at her. Some instinct older than civilization was telling her to run, to flee. She didnt move. Dont miss these exciting books from HarperPaperbacks! THE VAMPIRE DIARIES: A TRILOGY L. J. Smith Volume I The Awakening Volume II The Struggle Volume III The Fury HORROR HIGH Nicholas Adams Mr. Popularity Resolved: Youre Dead Heartbreaker New Kid on the Block Hard Rock Sudden Death Pep Rally Final Curtain Another horror novel by Nicholas Adams I.O.U. THE VAMPIRE DIARIESRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesnot by himself. Still, he isnt convinced by Juanitas reasons. Look, he says, if the stream were poisonous, everything in it would look dead. There are water spiders and plants living in the stream. Its no death trap. At this point you are faced with one of lifes little decisions: What do you do about the water situation? Go or stay? Someone else might make this decision by flipping a coin. A logical reasoner is more rational. 4 A first step in logical reasoning is often to get someRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAction Plans 59 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 80 Key Terms 80 81 HRM Workshop Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 81 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 81 Case Application 3-A: Diversity Is the New Color This Year 81 Case Application 3-B: When Oversight Fails 81 Working with a Team: What’s Your Perception? 82 Learning an HRM Skill: Investigating a Harassment Complaint 82 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 83 DID YOU KNOW?: Suggestions for RecruitingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesArendt, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Anke Arnaud, University of Central Florida Mihran Aroian, University of Texas, Austin Gary Ballinger, Purdue University Deborah Balser, University of Missouri at St. Louis Christopher Barlow, DePaul University Joy Benson, University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Lehman Benson III, University of Arizona Jacqui Bergman, Appalachian State University Anne Berthelot, University of Texas at El Paso David Bess, Shidler College of Business at the University of Hawaii Bruce

Is Civil Disobedience Truly Justified - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 639 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Disobedience Essay Did you like this example? If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of the machine of government, let it go, let it go: perchance it will wear smoothcertainly the machine will wear out but if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then I say, break the law. Let your life be a counter-friction to stop the machine. What I have to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to the wrong which I condemn states Henry David Thoreau. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Civil Disobedience Truly Justified?" essay for you Create order Civil disobedience is the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines , as a peaceful form of political protest. Over many years, civil disobedience has been used to make change in the United States of America. It has been used during the Boston Tea Party, the Womens Suffrage Movement, the abolition of slavery,the creation labor unions and child labor laws, and the civil rights movement. Is civil disobedience truly justified? Civil disobedience is simply justified for many reasons such as moral responsibility, legal attempts to change these unjust laws have failed, and it can be used to publicize an issue.What is the purpose of a law if it is not just? During the past, civil disobedience has been used as moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, One has not only a legal, but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. During the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther KIng Jr. used civil disobedience to draw attention to the mistreatment of African Americans and promote change. It was not used to hinder the human race but it was used to promote tremendous growth and create moral responsibility as a nation. Unjust laws have been used to restrict people due to race, gender, religion, and sexuality. In many situations, legal attempts to stop unjust laws have failed which l ead to the continuation of injustice. Jim crow laws were laws that were unjust and enforced segregation in the south. In many cases people attempted to end these laws. For example, Plessy v. Ferguson allowed segregation but ruled separate but equal. However, things were still not equal allowing this injustice to continue. African Americans from the south then used civil disobedience to push for integration and equality. Civil disobedience allowed the people to fight for just laws. In many ways, civil disobedience has been used to publicize many issue for people who are suffering. Martin Luther King Jr. once saidAn individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law. This simply says to bring light to injustice you might have to break a few unjust laws.. However, people may say civil disobedience is a way to break the law and create chaos. This is not true for most. The chaos is caused when justice is not being served to the people as the government refuse t o hear the people loud cries for help. Civil disobedience is not used to create chaos. It is used to prevent more chaos that is to come. Civil disobedience is justified for many reasons such as moral responsibility, legal attempts to change these unjust laws have failed, and it can be used to publicize an issue. Many thing have been changed for the better due to civil disobedience. It appears as a major setback. However it leads to a great reward at the end. This reward can simply be equality, justice, freedom, and rights. Civil disobedience is a factor in some of the nations greatest milestones so yes civil disoedience is justified.

Imagery in Dantes Inferno Essay - 689 Words

Robert Herrick, an English poet, once said, â€Å"Hell is no other but a soundlesse pit, where no one beame of comfort peeps in it.† Picture any type of Hell with relief, happiness, or even the smallest crack of a smile. There is no place. In fact, one can only think of the complete opposite, whether it is a Hell filled with neglect, pain, disgust, or a never-ending life of horror. This is the place created by Dante Alighieri; The Inferno is exactly the type of Hell where no person would want to be. Even those who acted upon the lightest of sins suffered greatly. While each realm contained a different sinner, the punishment that each were forced to face was cruel, repulsive, and sometimes rather disgusting. Through grieving tears without an†¦show more content†¦Dante gives a picture perfect example of their torment. It was said that, â€Å"And as they scrubbed and clawed themselves, their nails / drew down the scabs the way a knife scrapes bream / or some other fish with even larger scales† (Alighieri XXIX.82-84). The impression that Dante gives forces the reader into picturing the sinners drag their dirty nails into their prickly, scabbed skin, so rapidly and intense, that he compares it to a knife grating the scales of a fish. Dante also uses visual imagery to describe the lives of the gluttons. Since the gluttons spent their lives consuming massive amounts of food and drink, they represented themselves as garbage. Therefore, they were treated as such in Hell. The reader is able to visualize the punishment of a glutton through Dante’s vivid expression: â€Å"Huge hailstones, dirty water, and black snow / pour from the dismal air to putrefy / the putrid slush that waits for them below† (Alighieri VI.10-12). The reader can obviously picture the clean ground beneath all of the disgusting dirt, mold, mud, and rancid slush. Dante also puts the image of the rotting gluttons that lie under this filthy mess into the reader’ s mind. Each realm contains something different, and Dante clearly proves to give the sense of a different image every time. While every person has a different depiction of Hell, Dante provides fascinating imagery of his portrayal, so the reader can truly experience theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Dante ´s Inferno Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesDante’s Inferno is a very important piece of literature. There are many things to be learned from it, from the face value knowledge that Hell is a bad place, to a deeper understanding of how God intended us to live; but the most important lesson to be learned here is the power of allegory. Nancy Thuleen says this about it. â€Å"Dantes portrayal of Hell in the Inferno is an undisputed masterpiece of visual and allegorical imagery, enriched not only by extensive use of figurative language, but by concreteRead MoreDantes Voyage Through Hell1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Inferno was written by Dante Alighieri around 1314 and depicts th e poet’s imaginary journey through Hell. Dante spent his life traveling from court to court both lecturing and writing down his experiences. His Divine Comedy – the three-part epic poem consisting of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso (Hell, Purgatory and Heaven)– is generally regarded as one of the greatest poetic feats ever accomplished. All three parts are incredible literary feats with symbolism so complex and beautiful thatRead MoreThe Inferno And The Systems Theory1220 Words   |  5 PagesDante’s Inferno is an allegorical tale that reflects a tumultuous time in Florence. The Inferno reflects the common thinking of religion and Christianity at the time and through examination of both the Inferno and the systems theory, a better understanding of life in Florence, at that time, can be better comprehended. The systems theory is a model that explores the intertwined aspects of a given civilization. Dante’s Inferno details aspects of the systems theory that can be used to better understandRead More journeyhod Journey into Hell in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness953 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novels narrator, Marlow, the journey up the Congo River to the heart of darkness is reminiscent of Guidos journey into hell in Dantes Inferno, with these literary allusion always present, through forms of intense imagery. The landscape takes on a hellish nature and the wilderness is personified. Death is omnipresent and this is reflected in the death imagery used to describe the cities of Brussels and London, the Congo region and Kurtz station. The hypocrisy of society and civilizationRead MoreWhile St. Augustine’s autobiography is not comparable to the poetic dream vision of Inferno, the600 Words   |  3 PagesWhile St. Augustine’s autobiography is not comparable to the poetic dream vision of Inferno, the theological background of the two works is nearly identical. Dante the character of Inferno, like Augustine in Con fessions, is a homo viator, a spiritual wanderer on earth; Dante the poet believes that the soul’s sinful state leads to retribution in Hell. The significance of both works benefit in understanding the journeys of man in his quest for a more spiritual association, the faults Dante and AugustineRead MoreThe Inferno Of Dante Alighieri1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† translated by Ciaran Carson, originally written by Dante himself is a classical piece of literature. It is the first part of Dante’s three part epic poem entitled, â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. â€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† transports the reader into a gradual ride, going from an familiar and earthly land, to descending the depths of Hell in the search of salvation. The imagery conjured up while reading this book is plentiful as Dante’s writing is impeccable. NaturallyRead MoreThe Divine Comedy1705 Words   |  7 PagesComedy can be broken down to a epic that expresses a global message of human life. I. To understand The Divine Comedy and its impact, an understanding of Dante Alighieri’s life of tragic love and civil war can assist in unraveling the truth on Dante’s philosophical epic. Alighieri’s grief of a lost love and his involvement in a civil war led to his philosophical masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, influenced by classical writers like Homer and Virgil, using a distinct style and use of language thatRead MoreDantes Beasts2989 Words   |  12 PagesThe Beasts and Monsters in Dantes Inferno   The Inferno is the first section of Dantes three-part poem, The Divine Comedy. Throughout Dantes epic journey into the depths of Inferno he encounters thirty monsters and five hybrid creatures.   The most significant of these monsters are of central importance to his journey and to the narrative, as they not only challenge  Dantes presence in Inferno, but are custodians of Hell, keeping in order or guarding the perduta gente.   In this essay I am concentratingRead MoreLiterary Analysis: Dantes Inferno Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesDante’s work Inferno is a vivid walkthrough the depths of hell and invokes much imagery, contemplation and feeling. Dante’s work beautifully constructs a full sensory depiction of hell and the souls he encounters along the journey. In many instances within the work the reader arrives at a crossroads for interpretation and discussion. Canto XI offers one such crux in which Dante asks the question of why there is a separation between th e upper levels of hell and the lower levels of hell. By discussingRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdescription in Heart of Darkness shows how backwards civilization is through the need to enlighten or civilize the natives is flamboyantly flaunted in both the movie and book. Ultimately, both portray an allusion to Dante’s inferno and through comparing and contrasting the symbolisms and imagery effectively personify the dangers and recklessness of the ensembles in the Eldorado Exploring Expedition, from Heart of Darkness, and Captain Willard’s mission to kill Kurtz in Apocalypse Now. Repeatedly in Joseph

The Last of the Mohicans Free Essays

Is racism a choice or not?   The novel `The Last of the Mohicans,` by James Fenimore Cooper, did provide evidences of racism as practice not only by Americans but also by other cultures which suggests a strong indication on the possible roots of racism. This paper therefore attempts to dramatize this new found reality that may not be known or accepted by many.   The three part thesis of the paper is stated in the following propositions: (1) the racism has its roots in nature and it must be having been part of human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last of the Mohicans or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2) That racism has been practiced due to natives wanting to preserve their cultures, and (3) that racism is strongly felt in gender mix. Since the Native Americans are forced to live with their colonizers, refusal to intermarry with the European colonizers must have been a natural thing to do. Hence what is ever is happening as racism in the United States must be traced back to this great of American history. To dwell therefore on the belief that discrimination is a well-planned reaction to other cultures may seem to find litter support as it not natural to hate or discriminate other people. There must be a prior experience in the past that has entered the subconscious level.   Not surprisingly therefore one could read in the American literature stories and novels that my have the colors or some racial problem. But the racial reactions was not chosen voluntarily as intended reaction but a subconscious reaction become something hurtful that has happened in the past. The issue of apparently prohibited a sexual racial mixture between cultures is depicted in the novel The Last of the Mohicans by Fenimore Cooper’s. The word ‘miscegenation’, which the shortened word for the sexual racial mixture has taken its meaning from two parts ‘miscere’ and ‘genus’   is apparently used in the at the end of the nineteenth century, and the word was actually   found mainly in the analysis of previous literary works. In appreciating therefore the reality to a profound and realistic portrayal of gender and racial relations between Native Americans and white people in the period of Indian and French Wars in his novel, author Cooper made an introduction of his own vision of early native Americans taking the position that miscegenation should be prohibited. It may be argued that the existing political and social issues are indeed influenced by the attitude of white people towards Native Americans in the past.  Ã‚   To be specific about it one may check that the at the end of the seventeenth century there were indeed some American states to have passed specific laws that were aimed at prohibiting sexual racial mixture and this may inferred to have deprived people of different races, with the exception of the white population but not without the undeniable repercussion as far as the American political rights particularly violation to the principles of equality. On taking the contrary view miscegenation may lessen the differences between two races but people then or may even this could aggravate these distinctions because people would be detached and removed from their customary background and by forbidding them from integration into the new environment. This could observed by the fact America’s vision as seen by some is large measure of what the country’s have projected as a model   about a future-realizable condition, instead of using the past to look the situation using reason.   With this seeming mismatch, America may have been involved in complex racial tensions and conflicts which appeared to be directed Native Americans. This same reason was also evident in Cooper’s rejection of sexual mixture in the book. In his portrayal of gender relations and miscegenation in the novels, Cooper may be opening the minds of those who know the real background or origin of racism as a social phenomenon.  Ã‚   Not many people will disagree that the US the country that brought a into living together as community of people   from different races   if one will observe that such may have even started from the   period of colonization. Since colonization may only be a desire to influence other cultures. But as soon as the process of interaction was started it, history has recorded about colonizers making constant attempts to destroy beliefs of Native Americans both from the cultural and religious aspects. The most immediate reaction however was for the indigenous population with America to want preservation of their cultural identity which normally is conflicting to the principles of white people. It is proper at this point to produce evidence from the text why Cooper has shown rejection of sexual mixture between races.   In his narration, Fenimore Cooper has described the people or character in the novel with mixed and unmixed blood. One of the characters in the novel is Hawkeye, who despite the fact of being culturally connected with both white people and Indians, he is portrayed by author as a person â€Å"without a cross†[1] The author may have the same treatment of Alice Munro who is described as â€Å"surprisingly fair†[2]. For another character by the name of Chingachgook, the author has presented as an unmixed Mohican. Cooper has created characters belonging to the other race like Cora, the elder sister of Alice, who may be described to of mixed race, who played the role of protecting even at the cost of her own life.   Cora was indeed presented as coming from â€Å"that unfortunate class who are so basely enslaved to administer to the wants of a luxurious people†[3] from the race of West Indians, who cannot marry a person from the South. It may be concluded then that Cooper did portrayed a story of racism in the US dating back to period of colonization as the book revealed women characters being prohibited to many from other race and therefore an indication of lack of freedom and equality when it comes to issues of choosing their marital partners. Cooper portrayed a judgment for women who ignored racial prejudices and assigned their societal-dictated roles, by either being rejected by society or having to die as they are opposing to sexual mixture. In the novel, one could conclude in their minds how the author Cooper has chosen to exterminate ignorer of racial prejudices such Cora and Magua if only to prevent an incompatible marriage. Work Cited: Cooper, J `The Last of the Mohicans, ` St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1984 [1] Cooper, 1984 p.4. [2] Cooper, 1984 p.378 [3] Cooper, 1984 p.310 How to cite The Last of the Mohicans, Essay examples

Gore

Gore-Tex Brand Sample Essay 1. Explain what happened to the Gore-Tex trade name after the patent expired When the patent expires the discoverer has no longer sole rights to her or hers invention opening it up to everyone. At this point other companies can offer competitory merchandises at decreased monetary values. It seems that Gore-Tex was smart plenty to take advantage of their ain patent and spread out the merchandise line to include other merchandises utilizing the same engineering. 2. What activity can houses utilize to seek to keep any advantage developed during the patent protection stage? The company can spread out their production into the other countries by utilizing the same engineering. 3. It seems that Gore Associates is to a great extent oriented towards engineering ; what are some of the dangers of being excessively to a great extent focused on engineering? When excessively many undertakings are traveling on based on engineering the costs can be highly high and can weigh down the company by binding up resources. It can besides do the company loose the sight of the initial end or come up with excessively many variables and loose other chances. 4. Cooperatives and share-ownership strategies provide excessively many attractive forces and benefits. but there are besides restrictions ; discourse these. There can be excessively many different sentiments. and people may desire to travel to the different waies if there is no clear end set by a company direction or a leader. 5. In Montenegro Gore-Tex is present through other trade names utilizing its engineering ( such as waterproofs. coats. chapeaus. boots. baseball mitts. socks. etc ) I think that immature people would be more than happy if they had an chance to work for a company like Gore-Tex. One of the chief grounds is that most of the companies in Montenegro is hierarchically structured and immature people don`t have the right to show their ain sentiment and thoughts.

Reality Therapy free essay sample

Each of us has all five needs, but they vary in strength. †¢ The more we are able to connect with people, the greater chance we have to experience happiness. We are by nature social creatures; we need to both give and receive love. †¢ In our quality world, people are the most important component. These are the people we want most to connect with, are closet to, and most enjoy being with. †¢ From birth to death all that we do is behave. With rare exceptions, everything we do is chosen. Every total behavior is purposeful. It is our best attempt to get what we want to satisfy our needs, to close the gap between what we want and what we perceive we are getting, and to gain the most effective control of our lives. †¢ The need to love and belong is the primary need because we need people to satisfy our other needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality Therapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also the most difficult need to satisfy because we must have a cooperative person to help us meet it. †¢ We develop our own inner picture albums with specific images of people, activities, events, beliefs, possessions, and situations that fulfill our needs and satisfy our wants. Many times our pictures exist in priority order, but sometimes we may have difficulty identifying our priorities. †¢ A success identify can be seen as being able to give and receive love, feel that you are significant to others, feel powerful, possess a sense of self-worth, and meet your needs in ways that are not at the expense of others. Conversely, a failure identity can be seen in a lack of confidence and a tendency to give up, feel inadequate, or not even try. †¢ Our total behavior is made up of four inseparable but distinct components-acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology. Our actions and our thoughts are the most important: They drive our emotions and our physiology. †¢ Our behavior is language, and we send messages by what we are doing. The purpose is to influence the world around us to get what we want. †¢ Our behaviors come from the inside; thus we choose our one destiny. We are the people that we are because of the choices that we make. We have freedom, we can make choices, and we are responsible for what we choose to do with our lives. †¢ We are the products of our past, but we are not the victims of our past unless we choose to be. What do you think stops you from making the changes you would like to? o Define client wants and needs from the therapist. †¢ Direction and Doing o Reality therapy stresses current behavior and is concerned with past events only as they influence how the client is behaving now. Although problems may be rooted in the past, clients must learn to deal with them in the present by learning better ways to get what they want. o Listening to clients talk about feelings can be productive, but only if it is linked to their present behavior. Rather than focusing on problematic feelings, counselors encourage clients to take action by changing what they are doing and thinking. o Commons questions asked by the therapist include: â€Å"What are you currently doing and how well is it working? † This will allow you to see where their present behaviors are taking them and to help the client make better choices. o â€Å"What do you see for yourself now and in the future? † â€Å"What did you do different last week? † â€Å"What will you do tomorrow? † Evaluation o Confront them with the consequences of their behavior. o Get them to judge their actions and thoughts. Have client evaluate all aspects of behavior. Questions that need to be asked: â€Å"Is your behavior helping or hurting you? † â€Å"Is your behavior taking you in the direction you want to go? † o Self-evaluate, than help them make effective choices. †¢ Planning and Commitment o Jointly form plans around exploration of new behaviors o Make a commitment o Helps them take control o Develop a plan o Good plans are: simple, attainable, measurable, immediate, involved, controlled, committed and continuous o Creating and carrying out plans helps people take control. If a plan doesn’t work, try a new one. Diagnosis and appraisal devices Diagnosis of Clients Wants and Needs †¢ The therapist begins by asking clients what they want from therapy. They inquire about the choices clients are making in their relationships. In the first session, a skilled therapist looks for and defines the wants and needs of the client. The therapist also looks for a key unsatisfying present relationship. The therapist may ask â€Å"Whose behavior can you control? † to help deal with the client’s resistance to looking at his or her own behavior. Formal Diagnosis †¢ Psychiatry can be hazardous to one’s physical and mental health, and psychiatric drugs generally have negative side effects. †¢ Mental illnesses consist only of conditions associated with tangible brain damage and should be treated primarily by neurologists. †¢ Clients should not be labeled with a diagnosis except when it is necessary for insurance purposes. Diagnoses are descriptions of the behaviors that people choose in their attempt to deal with the frustration and pain that is endemic to unsatisfying present relationships. People with problematic physical and psychological symptoms are not mentally ill, and labeling ineffective behavior as mental illness is not accurate. Evaluation of client progress in therapy †¢ The most basic human need is to find one’s identity. The major psychological route toward fulfilling that need is in being loved and in feeling worthwhile to ourselves and to other people. If these basic needs are not met, the person will attempt to meet their needs in ineffective behaviors. †¢ Clients must face a world that is imperfect and not built to their specifications. Clients are taught they can do something about their life if they will consider themselves and their environment realistically. †¢ In therapy, clients are challenged to examine what they want and need. They are also asked to examine their failures and accomplishments. Clients are encouraged to take responsibility for their behavior and to learn who they are and how they interact in the world. Therapy will be successful when clients are able to recognize that reality not only exists but they must be willing to fulfill their needs within its framework.