Bahlawane Discussion Free Essays

The conversation is defined, as the whole proposal, alongside the two significant examinations done during this investigation. These are the investigation of the administrative instrument of wg qualities articulation in the initial segment and of Rem articulation in the subsequent part. An accentuation is given to the job of MucR in both guideline ways. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bahlawane Discussion or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now At long last, the end will attempt to call attention to the results of a between associated guideline and be shut on the job of MucR for the advantageous interaction effectiveness in S. meliloti. I. Guideline plan of galactoglucan union in low and high Pi Published, additionally effectively altered II. Guideline plan of motility qualities in S. meliloti. Motility and chemotaxis offers smaller scale †living beings an unmistakable bit of leeway when confronted with starvation, harmful substances or a prerequisite to move toward the fitting host. Be that as it may, the motility apparatus puts high vitality requests on the cell. Microscopic organisms build up an exacting guideline system to control the statement of motility †related qualities to maintain a strategic distance from unseemly vitality use. Microorganisms likewise conjure elective systems for the guideline of motility when confronted with starvation or diminished supplement conditions. In certain microbes, e. g. , Serratia liquefaciens and Escherichia coli, this severe guideline results an expansion of capacity to move when confronted with decreased supplement conditions (Sharma, Anand, 2002). Obviously the methodology is to connect with the motility apparatus just in light of pressure/starvation conditions by moving towards a superior situation. In other microscopic organisms, e. g. S. meliloti, the severe guideline results movement toward chemo-attractants under supplement adequate or overabundance conditions and the advancement of the vegetative state and biofilm after experiencing pressure/starvation conditions (Wei, Bauer, 1998). Subsequently, S. meliloti was seen as motile all through dynamic development, when supplements are promptly accessible, and to become non-motile upon change to the fixed stage (Rotter et al. , 2006). The sign of this guideline stayed obscure up to the present. A few advances have been performed by the revelation of Rem (Rotter et al. , 2006), a Class Ib controller, which articulation follows the cell motility. As of late, Hoang et al. (Hoang et al. , 2008) exhibited that majority detecting (QS) controlled motility in strain Rm8530 through the guideline of visNR articulation by ExpR by utilizing an obscure component. 1. Balance of rem articulation Since rem articulation was seen as development †subordinate and that visN articulation was steady all through the development, new controllers of motility were normal (Rotter et al. , 2006). In the current examination, we exhibited that MucR influences motility by guideline of rem articulation. Authoritative of MucR to the advertiser district upstream of rem was appeared and a succession offering similitudes to the MucR restricting site accord (Bertram-Drogatz et al. , 1998) was recognized in this locale. In any case, further examinations proposed that successions, downstream of this accord, could be required for MucR authoritative to the rem upstream locale. Since MucR hindrance was expanded by a transformation in rem, we estimated that the proportion of Rem/MucR levels in the cell may add to the guideline of motility in S. meliloti. In RU11/001, Rem was seen as present in extraordinary sum in cells at low thickness (Rotter et al. , 2006) and gradually vanish during the exponential development. We didn't recover an a lot higher rem interpretation level at low cell thickness in our wild sort Rm2011. Nonetheless, we can't bar that post †transcriptional guideline is answerable for the aggregation of Rem protein in Rm2011 at low cell thickness. In the event that significant levels of Rem are available in the cell, the impact of MucR on guideline of rem seems, by all accounts, to be unimportant. Reliable with this hypothesis, we saw that at low cell densities, the declaration of rem advertiser was hindered within the sight of an unblemished mucR locus and a disturbed rem locus, however not within the sight of a practical rem locus. In such situation, the amount of Rem inside the cell in a culture of low cell thickness may be sufficiently high to totally cover the impact of MucR, while at higher cell thickness, the higher amount of MucR inside the cell may be adequate to repress translation of rem. Another clarification for the distinction of rem articulation design between the strain RU11/001 and Rm2011 may be the expR status of these two autonomous wild sorts. For sure, Rm2011 shows an inclusion component inside expR (Pellock et al. , 2002), prompting a non †practical quality and subsequently an insufficient majority detecting (QS) framework. It was recently demonstrated that the Sin/ExpR majority detecting framework (Marketon et al. , 2002;Marketon et al. , 2003) down-manages motility and chemotaxis qualities and that the visN-visR operon was an objective for the LuxR-type controller ExpR (HOANG 2004, HOANG 2008). We could affirm the hindrance of visN articulation by AHL-enacted ExpR and its transfer to the rem articulation. Besides, McIntosh showed authoritative of ExpR to the advertiser area of visN within the sight of AHLs inferring that ExpR legitimately controls interpretation of visN-visR (individual correspondence). While rem articulation levels are managed by a few controllers, including ExpR, VisN and VisR, as exhibited in this investigation and somewhere else (Hoang et al. , 2008;Rotter et al. , 2006) it is obscure what variables influence articulation of the autoregulated mucR quality (Muller et al. , 1993). Be that as it may, MucR seems to work as a repressor, both in the nearness and nonattendance of a practical Sin majority detecting framework (Bahlawane C. et al. , 2008;McIntosh et al. , 2008), recommending that the guideline of mucR articulation isn't reliant on majority detecting, in spite of the fact that this remaining parts to be affirmed. 2. Necessity for swimming and amassing motility This investigation features another fascinating part of motility with regards to S. meliloti, in particular, amassing, however not swimming, relies upon the nearness of an utilitarian majority detecting framework and galactoglucan creation. The prerequisite of exopolysaccharides for amassing was as of late featured in an enormous scope investigation of Tn5 freaks displaying amassing surrenders in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008). The prerequisite of a useful majority detecting for amassing was in like manner found in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008;Daniels et al. , 2006). Be that as it may, this strain displays two diverse majority detecting frameworks CinIR and RaiIR, with an a lot more brilliant QS signal particles range. We showed that in S. meliloti, just those strains with a flawless ExpR/Sin majority detecting framework and fit for galactoglucan and flagella creation demonstrated the capacity to crowd. Regardless of whether MucR balanced the statement of the controller of motility, the swimming capacity of a mucR, expR †freak (Rm101) was not influenced. In this manner, swimming required flagella creation, yet not the ExpR/Sin framework and galactoglucan biosynthesis. Swimming is an individual undertaking, while amassing is the organized development of a populace of microscopic organisms in high thickness media or over a surface and has been demonstrated to be far reaching among flogged microorganisms, especially in relationship with majority detecting (Harshey, 2003;Sharma, Anand, 2002). Subsequently, the inclusion of majority detecting in amassing, yet not in swimming, might be a significant component in coordination of motility. 3. Interconnection between both guideline systems and correlation with different strains Coupling of the guideline of bacterial exopolysaccharide creation and the guideline of cell motility has likewise been found in Ralstonia solanacearum (5), Vibrio cholerae (1, 34), and Salmonella enterica (7), and apparently expands the capacity of the cells to associate with their imminent host cells. We found that ExpR capacities as inhibitor of the ace controller of motility VisNR, notwithstanding its job as an activator of the statement of the galactoglucan qualities within the sight of Sin AHLs and decidedly influence articulation of exoK and exsH prompting the depolymerisation of succinoglycan (McIntosh et al. , 2008). Additionally, MucR is appeared to hinder the motility through rem articulation, notwithstanding its job in the actuation the HMW succinoglycan creation and restraint of the galactoglucan creation. This fits well to the contrary guideline for succinoglycan biosynthesis and motility discovered already for S. meliloti strains (Hoang et al. , 2008;Wells et al. , 2007;Yao et al. , 2004). A model is accordingly proposed (Fig. 4. 2) where the opposite guideline of succinoglycan and flagella union, just as the job of MucR and ExpR are featured. Figure 4. 1 Regulation schem of the motility in S. meliloti Dashed lines show an obscure guideline way and lines show an immediate guideline through exhibited DNA/protein connections. The immediate impact of ExoR/ExoS must be further examinations, expecially the association with visN advertiser must be clarified. Part 2 Conclusion Taking in account the plan of galactoglucan union guideline (Fig. 4. 1) and the plan of motility guideline (Fig. 4. 2) proposed in this investigation, we may attempt to follow the impact of such guideline ways in the life †styles of the microscopic organisms. The last one is named as free †living microorganism or as symbiont in the plant root. In the main case, the microbes are presented to dryness and supplements starvation. At this stage, the biofilm creation is a pre-imperative for endurance. In this way, the EPS’s biosynthesis must be turned ON. As it is very unrealistic that the cell thickness is sufficiently high to actuate the majority detecting framework, we can guess that MucR assumes a key job in initiating the succinoglycan biosynthesis. Since the dirt displays exceptionally low degree of Pi, galactoglucan is, now created through the activ

Distance Education Essay -- Essays Papers

Separation Education Separation learning is a type of training wherein the teacher and understudy are isolated. As advances in innovation quickly progress, the enthusiasm for separation training has developed too and has along these lines gotten progressively normal. Innovation has given this sort of learning various prospects. There are different types of separation instruction utilized alone or in blend. These advances give numerous chances to training, yet not with out a couple of limitations. There is a wide scope of innovative choices for conveying data to the separation student. There are a wide range of types of correspondence and media to contain course material and to defeat physical separation of the instructor and understudy. These strategies incorporate different sorts of voice, video, information, and print. Instructional sound apparatuses incorporate sound conferencing, tapes, and radio. Guidance is conveyed through talks and conversations. Tapes and radio permit the understudy to tune in to addresses one way, though sound conferencing permits understudies to partake and associate with others. Sound instruments permit access to the student from their decision of area; nonetheless, with sound conferencing there is normally a planned time for conversations. Another type of separation instruction is visual learning. This incorporates communicate TV and packed video frameworks. â€Å"Broadcast TV conveys separation instruction by sending simple or computerized soun d and video flags by microwave hand-off over short separations or by satellite over longer distances† (Ludlow and Duff 13). Transmissions can be utilized for single direction video and sound introductions. This can likewise be utilized related to by sound conferencing in which the stude... ...cators and organizations to look at the positives and negatives included (Ludlow and Duff 10). Works Cited Clark, Tom and David Else. Separation Education, Electronic Networking, and School Policy. Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. 1998. Cox, Lois. â€Å"A Descriptive Analysis of the Opinions of College Students and Faculty Toward Distance Learning.† Diss. U of Dayton, 1997. Feyten, Carine M. also, Joyce W. Nutta. Vitrual Instruction: Issues and Insights from and Worldwide Perspective. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. 1999. Ludlow, Barbara L. also, Michael C. Duff. Separation Education and Tomorrow’s Schools. Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. 1998. Temperament, Terry Ann. Separation Education. Englewood, Colorado: 1995. 3 Nov. 2001. http://emedia.netlibrary.com/peruser.

Free Siddharthas The River and the Mind/Bod Essay Example For Students

Free Siddharthas: The River and the Mind/Bod Essay y Dichotomy Hesse Siddhartha EssaysThe River and the Mind/Body Dichotomy in Siddhartha In Herman Hesses work Siddhartha, the essential physical image of division is the waterway. One side of the stream speaks to geist, or a domain worried about the otherworldly world. The subsequent side speaks to natur, the regular existence where the substance is engorged with delight and natural fulfillment. Siddhartha starts on the profound side of the stream. He is in preparing to turn into an incredible Brahmin like his dad, much is anticipated from this wise and appealing youngster. However Siddhartha feels a thundering in his body and brain. His spirit isn't happy with the appropriate responses that he has gotten about issues throughout everyday life. He wants to live his home so as to discover these answers. He is happy to forfeit security for instability and threat. His movements restore and fortify his soul. The structure of the story is revolved around the device of iterative-durative time, a method where the creator follows a free straight chronlogy, with each part covering roughly twenty years, while just around a couple of those years are depicted in any detail. The impact effectively hushes the peruser into an impression of the progressing time. He initially invests energy with a meandering band of asceitics, backwoods abiding travelers that like to carry on with an existence of extraordinary penance and forbearance. Siddhartha experts their specialty and objectives, however in the blink of an eye chooses to proceed onward after just a couple of years. He can't discover his mission for salvation and comprehension on such a way. All through his excursion, his companion Govinda remains close by. He chooses to leave the town with him, accompany him and practice with the monks, and afterward consents to leave with him to search out the Illustrious One, Gotama. Siddhartha doesn't discover the solutions to his otherworldly questions here either, and chooses to proceed onward once more. This time Govinda, his shadow, chooses to remain and make a specialty for himself. Siddhartha strikes out all alone, crossing the middle image of the waterway with the assistance of the boatman Vasudeva. Subsequent to intersection the stream he experiences an Indian lady who supports him and permits him to kiss her areola. His involvement in the natur world has started, his encounters of the sense being uplifted and prepared for an arousing storm. He stays on the arousing side of the waterway for a long time and in that time impregnates his alluring educator and accomplice Kamala. Their kid will later show him numerous exercises. Siddhartha leaves the town he had been living in light of the fact that he is sickened with and tired of his way of life. He goes to the waterway and is down and out to such an extent that he is going to slaughter himself in it. Preceding letting himself plunge to a watery passing, he hears a sound radiating from the waterway. The riverno longer observed as disruptive, it gives strength and significance to the two banks. It consolidates components of the otherworldly world alongside that of the substance. The endless and general Om is discharged from the waterway and it spares Siddhartha. The now maturing Siddhartha makes his existence with Govinda the boatman. His life has at long last gotten to the heart of the matter where he had consistently been looking to get himself. He is at the center of the otherworldly and regular world. A genuine union is the way in to his feeling of harmony. The stream and Siddharthas view of the brutal dissonance between the soul and normal self in the long run finish in understanding the significance of both. His life on the stream, his steady traveling from one bank to the next, to a great extent speak to this acknowledgment and his revelation about existence. This work can help instructor any youthful, hopeful, looking through soul about existence and the need of cooperative energy in ones philosophical and down to earth contemplated life.

Cushings Syndrome: Causes and Symptoms

Cushings Syndrome: Causes and Symptoms The human body is a development bit of hardware which has numerous organs and frameworks that manage the various procedures that keeps each part working to support typical life or Homeostasis. If any of these various procedures happen unchecked with positively no controlling cutoff points it brings about a physiological issue, disorder or malady; every one of these conditions effectsly affect the human life structures which can be showed genuinely of which some can be controlled or relieved. Cushings condition, which is a hormonal issue brought about by the drawn out introduction of body tissues to significant levels of the hormone cortisol and is every now and again alluded to as hypercortisolism. Cushings condition is generally uncommon and most regularly influences grown-ups matured 20 to 50 years, individuals who are corpulent and have type 2 diabetes, alongside ineffectively controlled blood glucose additionally called glucose and hypertension, have an expanded danger of building up the confusion. Cortisol is a significant hormone as employment is to enable the body to react to pressure. The vast majority experiencing melancholy, liquor addiction, ailing health, or frenzy issue additionally have expanded cortisol levels. Causes Physiological The reason for Cushings disorder is partitioned into two gatherings base upon whether the issue is being brought about by a deficient pituitary organ, which is a little organ situated on the ventral side of the cerebrum or by the adrenal organs which are situated on the predominant lopes of the kidneys. Cushings disorder is caused when the bodys tissue are uncovered high volumes of the hormone cortisol for very long spans of time. Numerous people have created Cushings disorder because of utilization or utilization of items that contain glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that are basically comparable normally delivered to cortisol for example prednisone, which is contained in most asthma, rheumatoid joint pain, lupus and other incendiary sickness meds. Glucocorticoids likewise have properties which additionally permit them to be utilized to stifle the invulnerable framework after organ or tissue transplants to shield the body from dismissing the new organ or tissue. A few people create Cushings disorder because of their bodies powerlessness to deliver satisfactory measures of the hormone cortisol. The regularly creation of cortisol follows a definite and exact chain of occasions. In the nerve center, a piece of the cerebrum the size of a little sugar shape, it discharges corticotrophin discharging hormone (CRH) to the pituitary organ. Corticotrophin makes the pituitary organ discharge adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), which in returns animates the adrenal organs. At the point when the adrenals, which are found simply over the predominant projections of the kidneys, get the ACTH, they react by discharging cortisol into the circulation system. Cortisol is imperative to the body since it is required to perform essential errands in the body which incorporate assisting with keeping up circulatory strain and cardiovascular capacity, decrease of the safe frameworks provocative reaction, the adjusting of the impacts of insulin, which separates glucose for vitality and the guideline of the digestion of proteins, starches and fats. Cortisol is imperative to the for its job in numerous procedures however its most significant job is to enable the body to adapt to pressure and it is therefore very much prepared competitors and pregnant ladies have elevated levels of the hormone flowing inside their blood. By and large people experiencing liquor abuse, lack of healthy sustenance or potentially alarm issue may likewise have expanded cortisol levels. Under ordinary conditions, when the cortisol levels are close to typical levels the nerve center and pituitary discharge less CRH and ACTH. This guarantees the degree of cortisol in the blo od discharged by the adrenals is the specific parity to meet the bodys ordinary necessities. There are four regular sorts of Cushings condition and each is brought about by various elements for example pituitary adenomas, adrenal tumors, ectopic ACTH disorder and Familial Cushings condition. Of the four unique kinds of cushings disorder, instances of familial cushings condition happens all the more much of the time. Most instances of familial cushings disorder are not will be not acquired hereditarily, anyway a few cases are the consequence of quality which causes the advancement of tumors on at least one organs of the endocrine framework which discharges hormones into the circulatory system. There are a few exemptions for example with essential pigmented micronodular adrenal malady, which is created in kids or youthful grown-ups which grow little cortisol delivering tumors on the adrenal organs. There are events where numerous endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN), where hormone emitting tumors create on the parathyroid organs, pancreas and pituitary. In cushings disorder brought about by adrenal tumors, a variation from the norm of the adrenal organs causes the cushings condition. The adrenal tumor creates four to multiple times more in females than in guys and starts at around at age forty. Most instances of adrenal tumors include noncancerous tissues of the adrenal organs and are called adrenal adenomas and are answerable for the arrival of extra cortisol into the blood. On account of adrenocortical carcinomas, the dangerous type of adrenal tumors, the disease cells discharge extra volumes of a few kinds of adrenal androgens or male hormones which may incorporate cortisol. The adrenocortical carcinomas are generally liable for exceptionally high hormone levels and quick improvement of side effects. In Ectopic ACTH condition which is another reason for cushings disorder, now and again it is amiable and in most brought about by dangerous tumors that create on the outside surface of the pituitary and is equipped for delivering adrenocorticotropic hormone. Lung tumors are known to be related with expanded dangers of advancement of ectopic ACTH as it was available in the greater part everything being equal and is known to be more common guys than in females. The most productive type of adrenocorticotropic hormone delivering tumors is minute cell lung malignant growth and records for roughly thirteen percent of all lung disease cases and carcinoid tumors, which are little, slow developing tumors that create from hormone creating cells in different pieces of the body. There are different less regular sorts of tumors which have the capacity to deliver adrenocorticotropic hormone for example thymomas, medullary carcinomas of the thyroid and pancreatic islet cell tumors. Much of the time of Cushings disorder 70% are brought about by the advancement of pituitary adenomas and these insights barred examples where it is brought about by glucocorticoid use. This sort of favorable, or noncancerous tumor of the pituitary organ is liable for the discharge of extra adrenocorticotropic hormone into the circulatory system. In many cases people beset by this issue have a solitary adenoma and is alluded to as Cushings sickness and it is known to influence ladies five more than men. Biochemical Diagnosis of Cushings condition To analyze Cushings condition a few components are contemplated; an individual clinical history, physical assessments and research facility test. In diagnosing cushings condition the most regularly utilized test are the 24-hour urinary free cortisol test, estimation of 12 PM plasma cortisol or late night salivary cortisol and low portion dexamethasone concealment test. In certain examples an extra test dexamethasone corticotrophin discharging hormone test might be expected to separate Cushings condition from reasons for abundance. The 24 hour urinary cortisol level test comprises of the assortment of a few pee tests over a 24 hour time span and these examples are tried for cortisol. On the off chance that the cortisol levels are higher than fifty to one hundred micrograms every day for a grown-up, this recommends the individual has Cushings condition. From research facility to lab the ordinary maximum cutoff fluctuates relying upon which method is utilized. The second test that might be utilized to analyze Cushings disorder is Midnight plasma cortisol and late-night salivary cortisol estimations. This test estimates cortisol focuses in the blood. In typical people Cortisol creation is ordinarily confined around evening time, yet in Cushings condition, this limitation doesn't happen. In the event that cortisol level in the individual is more than 50 nano-moles per liter (nmol/L), at that point the individual may have Cushings condition. This test generally requires a 48-hour emergency clinic remain to stay away from dishonestly raised cortisol levels because of stress. Another used I the finding of Cushings is the Low-portion dexamethasone concealment test (LDDST). In this test, the individual is given a low portion of dexamethasone, which is an engineered glucocorticoid, orally like clockwork for 2 days. Pee tests are gathered before dexamethasone is managed and a few times on every day of the test. The adjusted Low-portion dexamethasone concealment test utilizes an onetime short-term portion. Cortisol and different glucocorticoids signal the pituitary to discharge less ACTH, so the typical reaction subsequent to taking dexamethasone is a drop in blood and pee cortisol levels. On the off chance that cortisol levels don't drop, Cushings condition is suspected. In certain occurrences Low-portion dexamethasone concealment test may not show a drop in cortisol levels in individuals with misery, liquor addiction, high estrogen levels, intense sickness, or stress, which will erroneously demonstrate Cushings disorder. In certain examples, medications, for example, phenytoin and phenobarbital may cause cortisol levels to drop, dishonestly showing that Cushings is absent in individuals who really have the disorder and it is hence, doctors for the most part encourage their patients to quit consuming these medications in any event multi week before the test. The last test used to analyze Cushings disorder is the Dexamethasone-corticotrophin-discharging hormone (Crh) test. There are some rejection to the standard as certain people have high cortisol levels yet don't devel

Factors That Influence False Consensus Effect

Factors That Influence False Consensus Effect Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How False Consensus Effect Influences the Way We Think About Others By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 21, 2020 beer5020 / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with us is known among social psychologists as the false consensus effect. This kind of cognitive bias leads people to believe that their own values and ideas are normal and that the majority of people share these same opinions.?? Let’s say Jim’s Facebook newsfeed is full of stories advocating a certain political position. Even though that feed is curated by Jim to include people he knows and is influenced by an algorithm based on Jim’s behavior, he may overestimate how many people agree with this position. Why Does the False Consensus Effect Happen? One of the possible causes of the false consensus effect involves what is known as the availability heuristic. When we are trying to estimate how common or likely something is we tend to look at the examples that come to mind most readily.?? If you are trying to determine if other people share your beliefs, you’ll probably think of people who are the most similar to you, like your family and friends, and its very likely that they do share many things in common with you. Researchers have suggested that there are three main reasons why false consensus occurs:?? Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors.Believing that other people think and act the same way we do can be beneficial to our self-esteem. In order to feel good about ourselves, we are motivated to think that other people are just like us.We are the most familiar with our own attitudes and beliefs. Since these ideas are always at the forefront of our minds, we are more likely to notice when other people share similar attitudes. Factors That Influence the False Consensus Effect The false consensus effect tends to be stronger in certain situations. If we consider something really important or feel confident in our point of view, the degree of false consensus tends to be stronger; that is, we’re most likely to assume more people agree with us.?? If you are very concerned about the environment, for example, you will probably be more likely to overestimate the number of people who are also very concerned about environmental issues. The effect is also stronger in instances where we are very sure that our beliefs, opinions, or ideas are the correct ones. If you are absolutely 100 percent convinced that passing a certain law will reduce the amount of crime in your community, you are more likely to believe that the majority of other voters in your town will also support the passage of the law. Finally, we are more likely to experience the false consensus effect in cases where situational factors play a major role. For example, imagine that you go to see a film, but you think the movie is terrible because the special effects are so poor. Since you assume that everyone else viewing the movie is sharing the same experience and forming the same opinions, you might mistakenly believe that all the other viewers will also share your belief that the movie is terrible. Research on the False Consensus Effect The false consensus effect was first named and described in the late 1970s by researcher Lee Ross and his colleagues.?? In one experiment, the researchers had study participants read about a situation in which a conflict occurred, as well as two different ways of responding to the conflict. The participants were then asked to say which of the two options they would choose, guess which option other people would probably choose, and describe the type of people who would choose each of the two options.?? The researchers discovered that no matter which of the options the participants selected, they also tended to believe that the majority of people would also select that option. The researchers also found that people tended to give more extreme descriptions of the characteristics of people who would choose the alternate options.??

Describe something in my home - Free Essay Example

English Description Essay In this essay I will describe something in my home; I have chosen to describe a Cheez-It box. Many people own Cheez-It snacks in their homes. The color of the Cheez-It box is red, white, orange, yellow, and black. The front of the box has a big label reading Cheez-It. Above the label it shows the company’s name which is Sunshine. It has a picture of a little fat chef on the left of the company sunshine’s name. Directly underneath the Cheez-It label it declares that Cheez-It’s are baked snack crackers. Underneath the Cheez-It label and the baked snack cracker label is a large photo of the Cheez-It crackers piled next to a large wedge of cheese. To the left of the wedge of cheese is an advertisement for a car. The advertisement reads â€Å"You could INSTANTLY WIN A NEW RIDE† underneath it shows a 2011 Ford Edge and says to see back for details. Underneath the advertisement it says â€Å"Contains 100% real Cheese† with a pi cture of a wedge of cheese in the middle of the words. The Color of the front of the box is a red background, the words of the Cheez-It label are white, the sunshine company name is yellow background with red letters, the backed snack cracker label is yellow, the picture of the cheese crackers and wedge of cheese is orange, the advertisement is yellow words with picture of a red car, and the â€Å"containing 100% real cheese† label is black with orange wording. The Left side of the box is red with a large white Cheez-It label. It has a yellow and red Sunshine label at the top left hand corner. It has a yellow baked snack crackers label underneath the large Cheez-It label. It also has two pictures of the Cheez-It crackers on both sides of the Cheez-It label. On the left side of the Cheez-It box it has the Cheez-It label at the top. With the yellow and red sunshine label above it and the yellow baked snack crackers label underneath it. A large white Nutrition Facts box ta kes up most of the right side of the box. The Nutrition Facts box says the serving size is 27 crackers and there are 13 servings in every box. It says there is 150 calories per serving and 70 calories from fat. It says total fat is 8g which is 12% of your daily value. Its Saturated fat it 2g which is 10% of your daily value. Its Trans fat is 0g, its polyunsaturated fat is 4g, and its Monounsaturated fat is 2g. Its Cholesterol is 0mg which is 0% of your daily value. Its Sodium is 230mg which is 10% of your daily value. Its total Carbohydrates is 17g which is 6% of your daily value. Its Dietary fiber is less than 1g which is 3% of your daily value. Its sugars are 0g and its protein is 3g. Its vitamin A is 2% and its vitamin C is 0%. Its calcium is 4% and its iron is 6%. The chart says the percent daily values are based on a 2000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. It then says all the ingredients which are enriched flour, niaci n, reduced iron, thiamin mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid, vegetable oil, cheese made with skim milk, enzymes, annatto extract for color, contains two percent or less of salt, paprika, yeast, paprika oleoresin for color, and soy lecithin. The back of the Cheez-It box is a picture of a family eating in their car, and it describes the details of the car giveaway portrayed on the front. Says at the top â€Å" Look inside for your chance to win a new ride and other great tailgate prizes! † and under the picture towards the bottom it reads grand prize: 2011 ford edge, first prize: meet Kirk Herbstreit, second prize: cooler for all your tailgate favorites. If you get tired of that same old taste of the original flavor of Cheez-Its then don’t worry! There are many different flavors to choose from. There are a total of 18 Cheez-It flavors which include Sunshine Cheez-It Cheddar Jack crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Disney Pixar Toy Story crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Hot Sp icy crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Italian Four Cheese, Sunshine Cheez-It Nickelodeon SpongeBob SquarePantsâ„ ¢ crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Original snack crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Parmesan Garlic, Sunshine Cheez-It Pepper Jack, Sunshine Cheez-It Reduced Fat crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Reduced Fat White Cheddar crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Scrabble Junior, Sunshine Cheez-It White Cheddar crackers, Sunshine Cheez-It Whole Grain crackers. There are also party mixes and variety packs which include Duoz: Sunshine Cheez-It Duoz Sharp Cheddar and Parmesan, Sunshine Cheez-It Duoz Smoked Cheddar Monterey Jack. Gripz: Sunshine Gripz Cheez-It crackers. Party Mix: Sunshine Cheez-It Party Mix. Snack Mix: Sunshine Cheez-It Baked Snack Mix, Sunshine Cheez-It Double Cheese Snack Mix. Next I will tell you the history of Cheez-Its. According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office trademark records, the first Cheez-It Cheese Crackers were sold by Green Green Company of Dayton, Ohio i n May 1921. The Green Green Company was acquired by The Sunshine Biscuit Company, founded in 1902 as the Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company. The Keebler Company acquired Sunshine in 1996, and Keebler was also acquired by Kellogg in 2001. Cheez-It crackers are still sold under the Sunshine label. That is all I could find on the history of Cheez-Its. And this is all I know about Cheez-Its! CHEEZ-ITS RULE!

Measuring and managing interest rate risks - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1046 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Critically evaluate the re-pricing model, maturity model and duration model that are used by financial institutions for measuring and managing interest rate risk. Your answer should also indicate the method preferred by the BIS and the reasons why this is the case. Interest risk is the possibility of unexpected adverse changes in interest revenues and expenses. It can be shown that interest rate changes are unpredictable almost 100%. They depend on monetary policy; supply and demand, inflation etc. These in turn depend on many other factors. So how do financial institutions manage the risk of fluctuating interest rates give that they cannot predict it? The immunization of a portfolio against interest rate risk means that the portfolio will neither gain nor lose value if interest rates change. In this essay we will look at some of the different models used by financial institutions for managing interest rate risk. They are the re-pricing model, the maturit y model and the duration model. We will describe them and evaluate the comparative advantages and disadvantages each model assumes. Firstly we consider the re-pricing model. It is a balance sheet where assets and liabilities are grouped according to the time periods in which the different assets and liabilities are rate sensitive. Assets or liabilities are rate sensitive within a given time period if the values of each are subject to receiving a different interest rate should market rates change. These groupings are referred to as ‘maturity buckets’. Then ‘Gap analysis’ is conducted where the rate sensitive liabilities are subtracted from rate sensitive assets for each maturity bucket. This is called the GAP. It can be shown that GAP * interest change = net interest income (or profit) change or the interest margin. We can also calculate the cumulative gap(CGAP) by adding up the gaps in the brackets over a period of time, for example 1 year. As long as CG APlt;0, there exists a net negative effect of a rate increase on net interest income. For each moment in time CGAP * interest change indicates how much higher or lower at that moment the net interest income is. The idea is that the risk can be managed by reducing gaps in individual maturity ‘buckets’ towards zero by using different combinations of assets and liabilities of different maturities. The advantage of this model is that is simple to use. The disadvantages are that it is static. That is, it only uses current balances without taking into account possible growth or changes in activities. It captures a specific moment in time as if nothing else would change, but there will be a change because interest rate fluctuation continues. In addition the model assumes that all rate sensitive assets and liabilities follow the change in market interest rates 100% at their moment of re-pricing which is not always the case. Short-term assets may change faster than long-te rm assets and some financial contracts limit rate adjustment. If the chosen maturity buckets are too long, the re-pricing model may produce inaccurate results because there may be large differences in the time to re-pricing for different securities within each maturity bucket. Similarly, the maturity gap for a bank is the average maturity of the assets minus the average maturity of the liabilities within each maturity bracket. For a given change in interest rates, fixed-rate assets with longer-term maturities will have greater changes in price than assets with shorter maturities. We can immunise the balance sheet by matching the maturities of assets and liabilities. From the standpoint of the maturity model, if the average maturity of assets is 1.5 years and the average maturity of liabilities is 1.5 years, and then the FI has no interest rate risk exposure. A major shortcoming of the maturity and the re-pricing model is its neglect of reinvestment income on interim cash fl ows and the timing of the cash flows is likely to differ between the assets and liabilities. A duration model uses the maturity or re-pricing schedule but applies sensitivity weights to each time band. Such weights are based on estimates of the duration of the assets and liabilities that fall into each time band. Duration is a measure of the percentage change in the economic value of a position that will occur given a small change in the level of interest rates under the simplifying assumptions that changes in value are proportional to changes in the level of interest rates and that the timing of payments is fixed. An average duration is assumed for the assets and liabilities within each maturity bracket. The average durations are then multiplied by an assumed change in interest rates to construct a weight for each time band. The weighted gaps are aggregated across time bands to produce an estimate of the change in net interest income for the bank. The BIS, an international or ganisation for central banks and other agencies in pursuit of monetary and financial stability, regularly publishes reviews and guidelines for financial institutions. It advises that estimates derived from a standard duration approach may provide an good approximation of a banks exposure to in interest rates for relatively non-complex banks. However, for more complex banks it advises modified models that relax some assumptions of the standard duration model such as the linearity between percentage changes in value and percentage change in market interest rate and the assumption that cash flows are fixed, which is an important limitation of standard duration models. Foe example an institution could estimate the effect of changing market rates by calculating the precise duration of each asset and liability and then deriving the net interest income for the bank. The answer is the based on more accurate duration measures. More complex models are available, such as various simulations based on predicting the future interest rate movement using Monte Carlo simulations and which take into account various other factor such as consumer behavior, for example, and attempts to model it. The BIS warns that these models, while more comprehensive require more care and are only as good as the assumptions used. They advise effective management and frequent re-assessment of assumptions underlying the model. Sources. https://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2004/el2004-26.html https://www.few.eur.nl/few/people/smant/a1609/notes/c4_fininst2-riskintr.pdf https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs108.pdf Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Measuring and managing interest rate risks" essay for you Create order

The Struggles Faced In The Color Purple And The Joy Luck...

The Struggles Faced in The Color Purple and The Joy Luck Club A common bond of struggle links the novels The Color Purple by Alice Walker and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Rape, suicide, death, war, oppression, and racism invade the two novels. In The Color Purple, Celie overcomes racism, violence, and other issues to find dignity and love. In the Joy Luck Club, the daughters struggle for acceptance, love, and happiness. Though the characters endure many hardships they survive not only by not becoming bitter individuals but becoming more whole individuals. Celie in The Color Purple has struggled since the very beginning because of the poor treatment she has received by men. Being raped by her father Fonso, Celie becomes pregnant and†¦show more content†¦Although Albert insult her when she decides to leave him and go with Shug. He criticizes her for her poverty, color, gender, and looks. This new philosophy that positions Celie ‘being part of everything, not separate at all’ fortifies her with self-acceptance and leads her to reject male mastery (Hankinson, 3)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; When Celie moves into Shug’s house she discovers a newfound freedom made possible by Shug. Walkers’ women transform their lives and focus on female bonding. Celie and the women surrounding her struggle for bondage. Celie finds a bond with many females. Walker introduces the hint of Celies sexual attraction to women in church. Afraid of men because of the cruel treatment by her father, Celie turns more and more towards the company of women, who represent love, warmth, and feelings of solidarity to her. Celie affirms her sexual identity in her relationship with Shug Avery. For now, it is manifested merely as what men cannot offer. Shug helps Celie aware of her own sexuality, and ironically ‘redefines’ her as a ‘virgin’ (Hall, 4) Shug helps Celie with self-identification. A bondage that Celie faces is the discovery of Nettie’s letters that Albert has hidden from her. She has regained bondage with her sister whom she thought was no longer alive. She bonded with Shug to find the letters and with the help of Shug she was advised not to kill Albert even though it was tough for Celie to accept this for the loveShow MoreRelatedThe Struggles Faced in the Color Purple and the Joy Luck Club1856 Words   |  8 PagesThe Struggles Faced in The Color Purple and The Joy Luck Club A common bond of struggle links the novels The Color Purple by Alice Walker and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Rape, suicide, death, war, oppression, and racism invade the two novels. In The Color Purple, Celie overcomes racism, violence, and other issues to find dignity and love. In the Joy Luck Club, the daughters struggle for acceptance, love, and happiness. Though the characters endure many hardships they survive not only by not becomingRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageseat at the same table with him, and a fountain clerk in St. Louis refused to serve him a soft drink. He dealt with these slights the way he would his entire life: He turned away quietly. But Langston decided that instead of running away from the color line and hating himself for being black, like his father had, he would write about the real-life experiences of black people. He was determined to write stories about Negroes, so true that people in faraway lands would read them. James LangstonRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagesgive a damn what people think and I ve never felt comfortable with authority. I like guys who run the red light, if you know what I mean. But now†¦ I didn t say what I wanted. I said what I thought people expected of me. It was wack. I drove the club s Audi and stood there nodding like back in school, or like I should have stood nodding back in school. I didn t give my team mates any crap. I was boring. Zlatan wasn t Zlatan, and that hadn t happen since back in school when I saw chicks inRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 Pagesfrom friends and rely on phone calls and e-mail messages as a means of sharing thoughts. The new environment and the new setting make even the bravest individual feel scared as he or she encounters many sudden changes and undergoes many kinds of struggles in a short period of time. Despite these difficulties, going abroad has many benefits, for it gives a person the chance to see the world, to face new challenges, to make new friends, and to gain more knowledge about people and places. Before I cameRead MoreVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 Pagesdanger at her. Some instinct older than civilization was telling her to run, to flee. She didnt move. Dont miss these exciting books from HarperPaperbacks! THE VAMPIRE DIARIES: A TRILOGY L. J. Smith Volume I The Awakening Volume II The Struggle Volume III The Fury HORROR HIGH Nicholas Adams Mr. Popularity Resolved: Youre Dead Heartbreaker New Kid on the Block Hard Rock Sudden Death Pep Rally Final Curtain Another horror novel by Nicholas Adams I.O.U. THE VAMPIRE DIARIESRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesnot by himself. Still, he isnt convinced by Juanitas reasons. Look, he says, if the stream were poisonous, everything in it would look dead. There are water spiders and plants living in the stream. Its no death trap. At this point you are faced with one of lifes little decisions: What do you do about the water situation? Go or stay? Someone else might make this decision by flipping a coin. A logical reasoner is more rational. 4 A first step in logical reasoning is often to get someRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAction Plans 59 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 80 Key Terms 80 81 HRM Workshop Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 81 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 81 Case Application 3-A: Diversity Is the New Color This Year 81 Case Application 3-B: When Oversight Fails 81 Working with a Team: What’s Your Perception? 82 Learning an HRM Skill: Investigating a Harassment Complaint 82 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 83 DID YOU KNOW?: Suggestions for RecruitingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesArendt, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Anke Arnaud, University of Central Florida Mihran Aroian, University of Texas, Austin Gary Ballinger, Purdue University Deborah Balser, University of Missouri at St. Louis Christopher Barlow, DePaul University Joy Benson, University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Lehman Benson III, University of Arizona Jacqui Bergman, Appalachian State University Anne Berthelot, University of Texas at El Paso David Bess, Shidler College of Business at the University of Hawaii Bruce

Is Civil Disobedience Truly Justified - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 639 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Disobedience Essay Did you like this example? If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of the machine of government, let it go, let it go: perchance it will wear smoothcertainly the machine will wear out but if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then I say, break the law. Let your life be a counter-friction to stop the machine. What I have to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to the wrong which I condemn states Henry David Thoreau. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Civil Disobedience Truly Justified?" essay for you Create order Civil disobedience is the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines , as a peaceful form of political protest. Over many years, civil disobedience has been used to make change in the United States of America. It has been used during the Boston Tea Party, the Womens Suffrage Movement, the abolition of slavery,the creation labor unions and child labor laws, and the civil rights movement. Is civil disobedience truly justified? Civil disobedience is simply justified for many reasons such as moral responsibility, legal attempts to change these unjust laws have failed, and it can be used to publicize an issue.What is the purpose of a law if it is not just? During the past, civil disobedience has been used as moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, One has not only a legal, but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. During the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther KIng Jr. used civil disobedience to draw attention to the mistreatment of African Americans and promote change. It was not used to hinder the human race but it was used to promote tremendous growth and create moral responsibility as a nation. Unjust laws have been used to restrict people due to race, gender, religion, and sexuality. In many situations, legal attempts to stop unjust laws have failed which l ead to the continuation of injustice. Jim crow laws were laws that were unjust and enforced segregation in the south. In many cases people attempted to end these laws. For example, Plessy v. Ferguson allowed segregation but ruled separate but equal. However, things were still not equal allowing this injustice to continue. African Americans from the south then used civil disobedience to push for integration and equality. Civil disobedience allowed the people to fight for just laws. In many ways, civil disobedience has been used to publicize many issue for people who are suffering. Martin Luther King Jr. once saidAn individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law. This simply says to bring light to injustice you might have to break a few unjust laws.. However, people may say civil disobedience is a way to break the law and create chaos. This is not true for most. The chaos is caused when justice is not being served to the people as the government refuse t o hear the people loud cries for help. Civil disobedience is not used to create chaos. It is used to prevent more chaos that is to come. Civil disobedience is justified for many reasons such as moral responsibility, legal attempts to change these unjust laws have failed, and it can be used to publicize an issue. Many thing have been changed for the better due to civil disobedience. It appears as a major setback. However it leads to a great reward at the end. This reward can simply be equality, justice, freedom, and rights. Civil disobedience is a factor in some of the nations greatest milestones so yes civil disoedience is justified.

Imagery in Dantes Inferno Essay - 689 Words

Robert Herrick, an English poet, once said, â€Å"Hell is no other but a soundlesse pit, where no one beame of comfort peeps in it.† Picture any type of Hell with relief, happiness, or even the smallest crack of a smile. There is no place. In fact, one can only think of the complete opposite, whether it is a Hell filled with neglect, pain, disgust, or a never-ending life of horror. This is the place created by Dante Alighieri; The Inferno is exactly the type of Hell where no person would want to be. Even those who acted upon the lightest of sins suffered greatly. While each realm contained a different sinner, the punishment that each were forced to face was cruel, repulsive, and sometimes rather disgusting. Through grieving tears without an†¦show more content†¦Dante gives a picture perfect example of their torment. It was said that, â€Å"And as they scrubbed and clawed themselves, their nails / drew down the scabs the way a knife scrapes bream / or some other fish with even larger scales† (Alighieri XXIX.82-84). The impression that Dante gives forces the reader into picturing the sinners drag their dirty nails into their prickly, scabbed skin, so rapidly and intense, that he compares it to a knife grating the scales of a fish. Dante also uses visual imagery to describe the lives of the gluttons. Since the gluttons spent their lives consuming massive amounts of food and drink, they represented themselves as garbage. Therefore, they were treated as such in Hell. The reader is able to visualize the punishment of a glutton through Dante’s vivid expression: â€Å"Huge hailstones, dirty water, and black snow / pour from the dismal air to putrefy / the putrid slush that waits for them below† (Alighieri VI.10-12). The reader can obviously picture the clean ground beneath all of the disgusting dirt, mold, mud, and rancid slush. Dante also puts the image of the rotting gluttons that lie under this filthy mess into the reader’ s mind. Each realm contains something different, and Dante clearly proves to give the sense of a different image every time. While every person has a different depiction of Hell, Dante provides fascinating imagery of his portrayal, so the reader can truly experience theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Dante ´s Inferno Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesDante’s Inferno is a very important piece of literature. There are many things to be learned from it, from the face value knowledge that Hell is a bad place, to a deeper understanding of how God intended us to live; but the most important lesson to be learned here is the power of allegory. Nancy Thuleen says this about it. â€Å"Dantes portrayal of Hell in the Inferno is an undisputed masterpiece of visual and allegorical imagery, enriched not only by extensive use of figurative language, but by concreteRead MoreDantes Voyage Through Hell1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Inferno was written by Dante Alighieri around 1314 and depicts th e poet’s imaginary journey through Hell. Dante spent his life traveling from court to court both lecturing and writing down his experiences. His Divine Comedy – the three-part epic poem consisting of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso (Hell, Purgatory and Heaven)– is generally regarded as one of the greatest poetic feats ever accomplished. All three parts are incredible literary feats with symbolism so complex and beautiful thatRead MoreThe Inferno And The Systems Theory1220 Words   |  5 PagesDante’s Inferno is an allegorical tale that reflects a tumultuous time in Florence. The Inferno reflects the common thinking of religion and Christianity at the time and through examination of both the Inferno and the systems theory, a better understanding of life in Florence, at that time, can be better comprehended. The systems theory is a model that explores the intertwined aspects of a given civilization. Dante’s Inferno details aspects of the systems theory that can be used to better understandRead More journeyhod Journey into Hell in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness953 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novels narrator, Marlow, the journey up the Congo River to the heart of darkness is reminiscent of Guidos journey into hell in Dantes Inferno, with these literary allusion always present, through forms of intense imagery. The landscape takes on a hellish nature and the wilderness is personified. Death is omnipresent and this is reflected in the death imagery used to describe the cities of Brussels and London, the Congo region and Kurtz station. The hypocrisy of society and civilizationRead MoreWhile St. Augustine’s autobiography is not comparable to the poetic dream vision of Inferno, the600 Words   |  3 PagesWhile St. Augustine’s autobiography is not comparable to the poetic dream vision of Inferno, the theological background of the two works is nearly identical. Dante the character of Inferno, like Augustine in Con fessions, is a homo viator, a spiritual wanderer on earth; Dante the poet believes that the soul’s sinful state leads to retribution in Hell. The significance of both works benefit in understanding the journeys of man in his quest for a more spiritual association, the faults Dante and AugustineRead MoreThe Inferno Of Dante Alighieri1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† translated by Ciaran Carson, originally written by Dante himself is a classical piece of literature. It is the first part of Dante’s three part epic poem entitled, â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. â€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† transports the reader into a gradual ride, going from an familiar and earthly land, to descending the depths of Hell in the search of salvation. The imagery conjured up while reading this book is plentiful as Dante’s writing is impeccable. NaturallyRead MoreThe Divine Comedy1705 Words   |  7 PagesComedy can be broken down to a epic that expresses a global message of human life. I. To understand The Divine Comedy and its impact, an understanding of Dante Alighieri’s life of tragic love and civil war can assist in unraveling the truth on Dante’s philosophical epic. Alighieri’s grief of a lost love and his involvement in a civil war led to his philosophical masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, influenced by classical writers like Homer and Virgil, using a distinct style and use of language thatRead MoreDantes Beasts2989 Words   |  12 PagesThe Beasts and Monsters in Dantes Inferno   The Inferno is the first section of Dantes three-part poem, The Divine Comedy. Throughout Dantes epic journey into the depths of Inferno he encounters thirty monsters and five hybrid creatures.   The most significant of these monsters are of central importance to his journey and to the narrative, as they not only challenge  Dantes presence in Inferno, but are custodians of Hell, keeping in order or guarding the perduta gente.   In this essay I am concentratingRead MoreLiterary Analysis: Dantes Inferno Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesDante’s work Inferno is a vivid walkthrough the depths of hell and invokes much imagery, contemplation and feeling. Dante’s work beautifully constructs a full sensory depiction of hell and the souls he encounters along the journey. In many instances within the work the reader arrives at a crossroads for interpretation and discussion. Canto XI offers one such crux in which Dante asks the question of why there is a separation between th e upper levels of hell and the lower levels of hell. By discussingRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdescription in Heart of Darkness shows how backwards civilization is through the need to enlighten or civilize the natives is flamboyantly flaunted in both the movie and book. Ultimately, both portray an allusion to Dante’s inferno and through comparing and contrasting the symbolisms and imagery effectively personify the dangers and recklessness of the ensembles in the Eldorado Exploring Expedition, from Heart of Darkness, and Captain Willard’s mission to kill Kurtz in Apocalypse Now. Repeatedly in Joseph

The Last of the Mohicans Free Essays

Is racism a choice or not?   The novel `The Last of the Mohicans,` by James Fenimore Cooper, did provide evidences of racism as practice not only by Americans but also by other cultures which suggests a strong indication on the possible roots of racism. This paper therefore attempts to dramatize this new found reality that may not be known or accepted by many.   The three part thesis of the paper is stated in the following propositions: (1) the racism has its roots in nature and it must be having been part of human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last of the Mohicans or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2) That racism has been practiced due to natives wanting to preserve their cultures, and (3) that racism is strongly felt in gender mix. Since the Native Americans are forced to live with their colonizers, refusal to intermarry with the European colonizers must have been a natural thing to do. Hence what is ever is happening as racism in the United States must be traced back to this great of American history. To dwell therefore on the belief that discrimination is a well-planned reaction to other cultures may seem to find litter support as it not natural to hate or discriminate other people. There must be a prior experience in the past that has entered the subconscious level.   Not surprisingly therefore one could read in the American literature stories and novels that my have the colors or some racial problem. But the racial reactions was not chosen voluntarily as intended reaction but a subconscious reaction become something hurtful that has happened in the past. The issue of apparently prohibited a sexual racial mixture between cultures is depicted in the novel The Last of the Mohicans by Fenimore Cooper’s. The word ‘miscegenation’, which the shortened word for the sexual racial mixture has taken its meaning from two parts ‘miscere’ and ‘genus’   is apparently used in the at the end of the nineteenth century, and the word was actually   found mainly in the analysis of previous literary works. In appreciating therefore the reality to a profound and realistic portrayal of gender and racial relations between Native Americans and white people in the period of Indian and French Wars in his novel, author Cooper made an introduction of his own vision of early native Americans taking the position that miscegenation should be prohibited. It may be argued that the existing political and social issues are indeed influenced by the attitude of white people towards Native Americans in the past.  Ã‚   To be specific about it one may check that the at the end of the seventeenth century there were indeed some American states to have passed specific laws that were aimed at prohibiting sexual racial mixture and this may inferred to have deprived people of different races, with the exception of the white population but not without the undeniable repercussion as far as the American political rights particularly violation to the principles of equality. On taking the contrary view miscegenation may lessen the differences between two races but people then or may even this could aggravate these distinctions because people would be detached and removed from their customary background and by forbidding them from integration into the new environment. This could observed by the fact America’s vision as seen by some is large measure of what the country’s have projected as a model   about a future-realizable condition, instead of using the past to look the situation using reason.   With this seeming mismatch, America may have been involved in complex racial tensions and conflicts which appeared to be directed Native Americans. This same reason was also evident in Cooper’s rejection of sexual mixture in the book. In his portrayal of gender relations and miscegenation in the novels, Cooper may be opening the minds of those who know the real background or origin of racism as a social phenomenon.  Ã‚   Not many people will disagree that the US the country that brought a into living together as community of people   from different races   if one will observe that such may have even started from the   period of colonization. Since colonization may only be a desire to influence other cultures. But as soon as the process of interaction was started it, history has recorded about colonizers making constant attempts to destroy beliefs of Native Americans both from the cultural and religious aspects. The most immediate reaction however was for the indigenous population with America to want preservation of their cultural identity which normally is conflicting to the principles of white people. It is proper at this point to produce evidence from the text why Cooper has shown rejection of sexual mixture between races.   In his narration, Fenimore Cooper has described the people or character in the novel with mixed and unmixed blood. One of the characters in the novel is Hawkeye, who despite the fact of being culturally connected with both white people and Indians, he is portrayed by author as a person â€Å"without a cross†[1] The author may have the same treatment of Alice Munro who is described as â€Å"surprisingly fair†[2]. For another character by the name of Chingachgook, the author has presented as an unmixed Mohican. Cooper has created characters belonging to the other race like Cora, the elder sister of Alice, who may be described to of mixed race, who played the role of protecting even at the cost of her own life.   Cora was indeed presented as coming from â€Å"that unfortunate class who are so basely enslaved to administer to the wants of a luxurious people†[3] from the race of West Indians, who cannot marry a person from the South. It may be concluded then that Cooper did portrayed a story of racism in the US dating back to period of colonization as the book revealed women characters being prohibited to many from other race and therefore an indication of lack of freedom and equality when it comes to issues of choosing their marital partners. Cooper portrayed a judgment for women who ignored racial prejudices and assigned their societal-dictated roles, by either being rejected by society or having to die as they are opposing to sexual mixture. In the novel, one could conclude in their minds how the author Cooper has chosen to exterminate ignorer of racial prejudices such Cora and Magua if only to prevent an incompatible marriage. Work Cited: Cooper, J `The Last of the Mohicans, ` St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1984 [1] Cooper, 1984 p.4. [2] Cooper, 1984 p.378 [3] Cooper, 1984 p.310 How to cite The Last of the Mohicans, Essay examples

Gore

Gore-Tex Brand Sample Essay 1. Explain what happened to the Gore-Tex trade name after the patent expired When the patent expires the discoverer has no longer sole rights to her or hers invention opening it up to everyone. At this point other companies can offer competitory merchandises at decreased monetary values. It seems that Gore-Tex was smart plenty to take advantage of their ain patent and spread out the merchandise line to include other merchandises utilizing the same engineering. 2. What activity can houses utilize to seek to keep any advantage developed during the patent protection stage? The company can spread out their production into the other countries by utilizing the same engineering. 3. It seems that Gore Associates is to a great extent oriented towards engineering ; what are some of the dangers of being excessively to a great extent focused on engineering? When excessively many undertakings are traveling on based on engineering the costs can be highly high and can weigh down the company by binding up resources. It can besides do the company loose the sight of the initial end or come up with excessively many variables and loose other chances. 4. Cooperatives and share-ownership strategies provide excessively many attractive forces and benefits. but there are besides restrictions ; discourse these. There can be excessively many different sentiments. and people may desire to travel to the different waies if there is no clear end set by a company direction or a leader. 5. In Montenegro Gore-Tex is present through other trade names utilizing its engineering ( such as waterproofs. coats. chapeaus. boots. baseball mitts. socks. etc ) I think that immature people would be more than happy if they had an chance to work for a company like Gore-Tex. One of the chief grounds is that most of the companies in Montenegro is hierarchically structured and immature people don`t have the right to show their ain sentiment and thoughts.

Reality Therapy free essay sample

Each of us has all five needs, but they vary in strength. †¢ The more we are able to connect with people, the greater chance we have to experience happiness. We are by nature social creatures; we need to both give and receive love. †¢ In our quality world, people are the most important component. These are the people we want most to connect with, are closet to, and most enjoy being with. †¢ From birth to death all that we do is behave. With rare exceptions, everything we do is chosen. Every total behavior is purposeful. It is our best attempt to get what we want to satisfy our needs, to close the gap between what we want and what we perceive we are getting, and to gain the most effective control of our lives. †¢ The need to love and belong is the primary need because we need people to satisfy our other needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality Therapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also the most difficult need to satisfy because we must have a cooperative person to help us meet it. †¢ We develop our own inner picture albums with specific images of people, activities, events, beliefs, possessions, and situations that fulfill our needs and satisfy our wants. Many times our pictures exist in priority order, but sometimes we may have difficulty identifying our priorities. †¢ A success identify can be seen as being able to give and receive love, feel that you are significant to others, feel powerful, possess a sense of self-worth, and meet your needs in ways that are not at the expense of others. Conversely, a failure identity can be seen in a lack of confidence and a tendency to give up, feel inadequate, or not even try. †¢ Our total behavior is made up of four inseparable but distinct components-acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology. Our actions and our thoughts are the most important: They drive our emotions and our physiology. †¢ Our behavior is language, and we send messages by what we are doing. The purpose is to influence the world around us to get what we want. †¢ Our behaviors come from the inside; thus we choose our one destiny. We are the people that we are because of the choices that we make. We have freedom, we can make choices, and we are responsible for what we choose to do with our lives. †¢ We are the products of our past, but we are not the victims of our past unless we choose to be. What do you think stops you from making the changes you would like to? o Define client wants and needs from the therapist. †¢ Direction and Doing o Reality therapy stresses current behavior and is concerned with past events only as they influence how the client is behaving now. Although problems may be rooted in the past, clients must learn to deal with them in the present by learning better ways to get what they want. o Listening to clients talk about feelings can be productive, but only if it is linked to their present behavior. Rather than focusing on problematic feelings, counselors encourage clients to take action by changing what they are doing and thinking. o Commons questions asked by the therapist include: â€Å"What are you currently doing and how well is it working? † This will allow you to see where their present behaviors are taking them and to help the client make better choices. o â€Å"What do you see for yourself now and in the future? † â€Å"What did you do different last week? † â€Å"What will you do tomorrow? † Evaluation o Confront them with the consequences of their behavior. o Get them to judge their actions and thoughts. Have client evaluate all aspects of behavior. Questions that need to be asked: â€Å"Is your behavior helping or hurting you? † â€Å"Is your behavior taking you in the direction you want to go? † o Self-evaluate, than help them make effective choices. †¢ Planning and Commitment o Jointly form plans around exploration of new behaviors o Make a commitment o Helps them take control o Develop a plan o Good plans are: simple, attainable, measurable, immediate, involved, controlled, committed and continuous o Creating and carrying out plans helps people take control. If a plan doesn’t work, try a new one. Diagnosis and appraisal devices Diagnosis of Clients Wants and Needs †¢ The therapist begins by asking clients what they want from therapy. They inquire about the choices clients are making in their relationships. In the first session, a skilled therapist looks for and defines the wants and needs of the client. The therapist also looks for a key unsatisfying present relationship. The therapist may ask â€Å"Whose behavior can you control? † to help deal with the client’s resistance to looking at his or her own behavior. Formal Diagnosis †¢ Psychiatry can be hazardous to one’s physical and mental health, and psychiatric drugs generally have negative side effects. †¢ Mental illnesses consist only of conditions associated with tangible brain damage and should be treated primarily by neurologists. †¢ Clients should not be labeled with a diagnosis except when it is necessary for insurance purposes. Diagnoses are descriptions of the behaviors that people choose in their attempt to deal with the frustration and pain that is endemic to unsatisfying present relationships. People with problematic physical and psychological symptoms are not mentally ill, and labeling ineffective behavior as mental illness is not accurate. Evaluation of client progress in therapy †¢ The most basic human need is to find one’s identity. The major psychological route toward fulfilling that need is in being loved and in feeling worthwhile to ourselves and to other people. If these basic needs are not met, the person will attempt to meet their needs in ineffective behaviors. †¢ Clients must face a world that is imperfect and not built to their specifications. Clients are taught they can do something about their life if they will consider themselves and their environment realistically. †¢ In therapy, clients are challenged to examine what they want and need. They are also asked to examine their failures and accomplishments. Clients are encouraged to take responsibility for their behavior and to learn who they are and how they interact in the world. Therapy will be successful when clients are able to recognize that reality not only exists but they must be willing to fulfill their needs within its framework.

A Story That Makes You Want To Write

A Story That Makes You Want To WriteA narrative essay is usually a part of the fifth grade reading test. Because this type of essay questions answers to factual questions about current events and your personal experiences, you should expect to have to write in a more descriptive style and therefore use a stronger hand in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.Writing a narrative can be harder than writing a normal essay because it's often difficult to answer general population related questions. When writing a narrative, you must think about how to answer this question in a better way than most people would. This can take a bit of practice is very important because it takes time to master the skill of being able to write a story that's 'unique' to you.The fifth grade reading test is a great place to begin your story. In order to be successful, you should research the topic before you start writing. Use the story you've researched to provide an answer to the question 'What do you know abo ut it?' in a way that's not very common but is understandable and also made clear in the story.For example, if you're writing about how you love to play soccer, a better way to write 'I like soccer' is 'I think I like soccer' or something that's simpler. Even if you're writing a sports story, don't give details that are too far fetched or hard to believe. An example is writing that you're actually a member of the opposing team. This can get a bit confusing and could turn off a lot of readers, so it's better to limit your details to those that are real.Another great part of storytelling is the ability to point out the way that you perceive the world. This will let the reader know that you understand the world a little bit and have some knowledge about it. It's very important to point out the point of view you're taking with your story because some people like to think that their viewpoint is the only one.By telling a story with as much special effect as possible, you will create intr igue. You may want to create a vivid scenario that only you can see and hear, or even a memory from a past event. This may be more difficult than writing an ordinary essay because it may require you to create more vivid detail in your story. And while you're at it, try to avoid using so many strong words and adjectives.You can now craft a narrative essay for fifth grade that's successful and interesting. Use this guide to write the best fifth grade essay that you've ever written.

Labor Relations free essay sample

With each of these scenarios also give the type of employer, the history of the worker at that company, the incident which arose, why it was a clear violation of employer policy, and what would be the likely result of arbitration of this issue if the employee acknowledged his wrong doing but asked to keep his job. Explain the reasoning for our considered outcome. When an employer has to discipline a unionized employee there are four steps to the grievance (infraction) procedure. In the first step the employee is given the grievance in an informal oral manner so a quick resolution can be made, and before a written record is established. The second step in the grievance procedure is to present the grievance to the industrial relations representative or (IR). The IR representative is familiar with the union’s contract and decides on a disciplinary action or if the grievance involves an employee discharge then the union will take it to step three. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Relations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In step three the employee has union representation and the grievance is most likely settled at this step, if an agreement cannot be made then step four is the last chance to resolve the grievance or it goes to arbitration. Arbitration is a quasi-judicial process in which parties agree to submit unresolved disputes to a neutral third party for binding settlement. [ (Labor Relations, 10th Edition, 2009) ] (pg. 490). When an employee repeatedly breaks the rules and has been disciplined the union, employer, and employee write up a last chance agreement (LCA). This is an agreement drawn up by all parties stating that if the employee has another grievance violation within a certain amount of time the employee will be terminated. The type of employer that my three employees work at is a security company. The security company has hired all three as security officers and upon hiring they were informed of the company’s rules and the grievances that are imposed if the rules are not followed. All three employees have acknowledged the rules, and have signed a document stating that they understand the rules and the disciplinary actions taken if they break the rules. John, an officer at the security company, has never had any disciplinary actions against him since he started working for the company and has been a great employee thus far. John was involved in an incident while on duty with the company patrol vehicle. He has had an accident in the patrol vehicle and has run into a parked car while patrolling the parking lot. It is mandatory that if an employee is involved in an accident with a company vehicle while on duty a drug test is taken and if the drug test shows that John was under the influence (which he was) then that is grounds for immediate termination of his employment. John knows that this is a clear violation of company policy and has requested his union representative. If this disciplinary grievance goes to arbitration the likely result would still be the termination of John’s employment with the security company. The reason for my considered outcome is John was under the influence of drugs while on duty. There is a no tolerance policy for drug use especially while on duty, he could have done a lot more damage and very easily could have injured an individual in the process. Bill, an officer at the security company, has had issues with his behavior and attendance since he started working for the security company three months ago. It has affected his performance on the job and he has had two disciplinary actions against him in three months time. Company policy states that if an employee has three disciplinary actions in a 90 day period that is grounds for termination. Bill has just showed up late again for work and this will be his third grievance for the 90 day period. Bill admits his tardiness and swears that he will not be late again if he is given another chance to improve his attendance. Bill goes to arbitration and the likely result of the arbitration will be that Bill, the employer, and union will draw up a last chance agreement (LCA) for Bill to sign and abide by for a specific length of time. If Bill violates that agreement then it is automatic grounds for termination of his employment at the security company. The reason for my considered outcome of this scenario is because this is the most realistic way a company would handle this kind of disciplinary problem with an employee. Usually if an employee has had three disciplinary actions in a 90 day period that shows a pattern of undesired work behavior and the employer is going to want a last chance agreement to put an end to the undesired behavior. Bob, an officer at the security company, has been employed by the company for almost two years. Bob had a disciplinary action against him the second month of his employment with the security company. The infraction was a complaint of sexual harassment against one of his female co-workers at a previous job site. The complaint was investigated and Bob admitted to saying some inappropriate comments to his co-worker. The security company has a strict no tolerance policy on sexual harassment, but because Bob has admitted his wrong doing and the co-worker accepted his apology, Bob was permitted to stay employed with the security company and was put on a last chance agreement which he completed with no further issues. My considered outcome for this scenario was a bit light considering what Bob’s disciplinary action was for. The reason I considered giving Bob a second chance is that he acknowledged what he had done wrong and apologized to the co-worker that he had offended. Bob completed his last chance agreement he had made and has not had any other grievances since then. Bob probably did not think what he had said to his fellow co-worker would offend her like it did, and because it did he watches what he says and talks about while at work so he does not make the same mistake twice. Reference Fossum, J. A. (2009). Labor Relations (10th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

The History of the Louisiana Purchase

The History of the Louisiana Purchase On April 30, 1803 the nation of France sold 828,000 square miles (2,144,510 square km) of land west of the Mississippi River to the young United States of America in a treaty commonly known as the Louisiana Purchase. President Thomas Jefferson, in one of his greatest achievements, more than doubled the size of the United States at a time when the young nations population growth was beginning to quicken. The Louisiana Purchase was an incredible deal for the United States, the final cost totaling less than five cents per acre at $15 million (about $283 million in todays dollars). Frances land was mainly unexplored wilderness, and so the fertile soils and other valuable natural resources we know are present today might not have been factored in the relatively low cost at the time. The Louisiana Purchase stretched from the Mississippi River to the beginning of the Rocky Mountains. Official boundaries were not determined, except that the eastern border ran from the source of the Mississippi River north to the 31 degrees north. Present states that were included in part or whole of the Louisiana Purchase were: Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Historical Context of the Louisiana Purchase France controlled the vast stretches of land west of the Mississippi, known as Louisiana, from 1699 until 1762, the year it gave the land to its Spanish ally. The great French general Napoleon Bonaparte took back the land in 1800 and had every intention of asserting his presence in the region. Unfortunately for him, there were several reasons why selling the land was all but necessary: A prominent French commander recently lost a fierce battle in Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) that took up much needed resources and cut off the connection to the ports of North America’s southern coast.French officials in the United States reported to Napoleon on the countrys quickly increasing population. This highlighted the difficulty France might have in holding back the western frontier of American pioneers.France did not have a strong enough navy to maintain control of lands so far away from home, separated by the Atlantic ocean. Napoleon wanted to consolidate his resources so that he could focus on conquering England. Believing he lacked the troops and materials to wage an effective war, the French general wished to sell Frances land to raise funds. The Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Louisiana Purchase Traveling 8,000 miles (12,800 km), the expedition gathered huge amounts of information about the landscapes, flora (plants), fauna (animals), resources, and people (mostly Native Americans) it encountered across the vast territory of the Louisiana Purchase. The team first traveled northwest up the Missouri River, and traveled west from its end, all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Bison, grizzly bears, prairie dogs, bighorn sheep, and antelope were just a few of the animals that Lewis and Clark encountered. The pair even had a couple of birds named after them: Clark’s nutcracker and Lewis’s woodpecker. In total, the journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition described 180 plants and 125 animals that were unknown to scientists at the time. The expedition also led to the acquisition of the Oregon Territory, making the west further accessible to the pioneers coming from the east. Perhaps the biggest benefit to the trip, though, was that the United States government finally had a grasp on what exactly it had purchased. The Louisiana Purchase offered America what the Native Americans had known about for years: a variety of natural formations (waterfalls, mountains, plains, wetlands, among many others) covered by a wide array of wildlife and natural resources.

Interventions Heart Disease- Malaysia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interventions Heart Disease- Malaysia - Essay Example According to the Malaysian National Census data, the demographic pattern of Malaysia was found to be rapidly changing, with the rural population speedily decreasing. Thus, the data indicated that the distribution of the Malaysian population by the year 2000 was 40.4 % as rural population and 59.6% comprising of the urban population (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2009). In this respect, there has been a drastic change in the health state of Malaysia, where the non-communicable diseases have rapidly increased as the major causes of death compared to the communicable diseases (Anand, et al. 2008). Thus, the rapid change in the social geographical setting from the rural-based population to a more urban-based population serves as one of the major factors influencing the rate and geographical distribution of heart disease in Malaysia (Chia & Srinivas, 2009). The social demographic patterns have indicated that there has been a rapid change of lifestyle in this country courtesy of urbanization, resulting to the increase of the heart disease risk factors, such as obesity. Statistics have indicated that the rate of obesity in Malaysia has tripled within the decade closing the 20th century, with the obesity rate registered in the country increasing from 4.4% in 1996 to 14% in 206 (Department of Statistics Malaysia 2009). Further, the health data statistics have also indicated that the rate of hypertension has increased from 33% to 43% in the same period, while the rate of diabetes mellitus has been found to have doubled for the same period. Another aspect of the lifestyle change is the rise in the rate of tobacco use in the urban areas of Malaysia, where hypertension has also been observed to have the highest rate of prevalence (Chia & Srinivas, 2009). Thus, following this geographical and social lifestyle transformation, the ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular

Construction Technology And Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Construction Technology And Innovation - Essay Example In the provided setting, looking out for all the environmental impacts comes in handy. The building is located in a busy location with a lot of traffic. It is thus important to understand that the cars passing by the house do not spend a lot of time at the location because the ground is rather weak. It is a requirement that the house uses rather tough tiles and the most recommended is the ceramic tiles. Green Raw Materials and Concepts Ceramic is harder than stone and hence effective enough to use in places with clay soil and having many people around. In the making of such houses, it is important to ensure that there is minimal use of space while still providing satisfactory area for people to use. The surrounding environment to the house should not have any building around it and should provide ample space for some form of field with grass. Grass is necessary seeing as the ground beneath is clay provides a rather smooth setting and environment for growth. Moreover, research has sho wn that having chemicals sprayed over the grass eventually leads to the clay soil beneath the foundation of the house stronger and can assist during the rainy season (Vasil, 2009, 77). Clearly, having ample grass space is not an aspect to conform to because it is a town setting but leaving space for it nevertheless is advisable in the setting. Clay soil is strong and provides a great support for the foundation and the basement. This is from the way its particles join to form one large compact Substance. This substance leaves no space for air and thus makes it even harder. However, during the dry periods, the soil gets wet and the particles, having not supported themselves alone, end up breaking into pieces. This consequently has the building developing cracks and eventually falling to the ground, which is a hazard needless to state. Below is an example of a building in the initial stages of construction just before the pouring of concrete Energy Conservation Conservation of energy i s one of the most important aspects to understand when dealing with the construction of a green building basement. The basement in this situation is for the provision of energy from a more effective and reputable source. Natural lighting comes in effective for the preservation of any type of commodity that the building owners may term important. The basement should have photovoltaics that are rather an effective method to save on energy used in not only the preservation of the basement, but also the establishment of the foundation. Fuel cells to run the mortar in the creation of bricks can come from new house appliances. An environmentally friendly house is otherwise known as a green house. Inspection An inspector is a vital aspect in the analysis of the already set foundation for the building. Most precisely an engineer ought to observe the already set foundation for the determination of the stability position that the building will have. Failure to analyze this may lead to the con tractors and the builders carrying on with their work with no idea whatsoever of the sensitivity of the issue (Pearon, 2011, 102). The surveyor then comes in after this stage and determines the kind of footing to put depending on the type of building that the owner requires. In this case, a green house would require a rather high footing provided the soil formation and characteristics at the

Principles of Management in McDonalds

Principles of Management in McDonalds McDonalds is the largest and most well known global foodservice retailer, which was founded in 1955 by Ray Kroc; head quarter in Oak Brook, Illinois, US. McDonalds has more than 32.000 restaurants (19% operated by the Company and 81% of restaurants operated by franchised restaurants) in 117 countries, serving more than 60 millions people each day (McDonalds, 2009). Recently, many of Vietnamese people still think that fast food services are small business that are not worth to do business. After studying McDonalds, my point of views about fast food industry have been changed considerably. Serving fast foods only, McDonalds receives annually almost 23 billions USD, that is equal about 27% of GDP or 71% total revenues of all types of services of Vietnam on 2009 (Vietnam General Statistic Office, 2009) and McDonalds ranks 153 biggest companies in the world (Forber, 2010). This study aims to analyze management of the Company in the past few years and strategy in the next decade, which help us to understand the reasons that lead McDonalds to the success. 1. Core business 1.1. The main products and services The products of McDonalds are fast foods of wide range of choices, such as: hamburgers, chicken, french fries, soft drinks, coffee, milkshakes, salads, deserts and breakfast with varies of famous in the world brands (Big Mac, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Filet-O-Fish, Chicken McNuggets, Chicken Selects, Snack Wraps, McFlurry, McCafe) which meet requirement of customers of different ages. McDonalds fast foods have became necessary daily foods for the numbers of people not only in the US but in other countries also. Therefore, McDonalds brand name became so popular, that many investors in the world willing to deal with McDonalds to open restaurant under franchised agreement 1.2. Business generates the most revenue McDonalds revenues mainly come from its own restaurants and from restaurants operated by franchisees. In accordance with the McDonalds Corporation Annual Report 2007, 2008, 2009, revenues of the Company in 2007, 2008 and 2009 are 22.8 billions USD, 23.5 billions USD and 22.75 billions USD respectively. Most of Companys revenues come from the restaurants operated by the Company, which has percentage in 2007, 2008 and 2009 are 73%, 70% and 68% respectively; the rest of revenue are from franchised restaurants. Obviously, the percentage of revenue of Companys operated restaurants has been decreased while percentage of revenue of franchised restaurants increased (McDonalds, 2009). Source: McDonalds Corporation Annual Report 2009 1.3. Business generates the most profit In 2007, 2008 and 2009, consolidated net incomes of Company are 2,395, 4,313 and 4,551 millions respectively. In accordance with McDonalds Corporation annual Report 2009, the most profit of the McDonalds has been generated by franchised restaurants, which in 2007, 2008, 2009 holds about 64%, 65%, 66% of the total profit of the Company respectively. The second place of profit has been generated by restaurants operated by the Company (McDonalds, 2009). Franchised margins Franchised margin dollars represent revenues from franchised restaurants less Companys occupancy costs (rent and depreciation) associated with those sites. Franchised margin dollars increased $254 millions of 4% (7% in constant currencies) in 2009 and $695 millions or 14% (11% in constant currencies) in 2008. The franchising strategy contributed to grow in franchised margin dollars in 2009, 2008 and 2007 (McDonalds, 2009). Company-operated margins Company-operated margin represent sales by Company-operated restaurants less the operating costs of these restaurants. Company-operated margin dollars decreased $101 millions or 3% (increased 3% in constant currencies) in 2008. Company-operated margin dollars were negatively impacted by this transaction in 2008 and 2007 and by the enfranchising strategy in 2009 and 2008 (McDonalds, 2009). Source: McDonalds Corporation Annual Report 2009 1.4. Business will drive growth in the next decade In order to keep sustainable growth in the next decade, for the last few years, McDonalds has differentiated the brand and enhanced efficiency of investment in expansion of restaurants chain in the world, mainly in the type of franchised restaurants. In accordance with McDonalds annual Report 2009 and report of Jim Skinner (2009) To our valued shareholder: To state the obviuos, 2009 was a tumultuous year economically, these strategies will continue drive growth in the next decade. Regarding to the strategy of differentiation of products, due to criticism in the society to McDonalds fast foods as the cause to obesity, McDonalds has launched new lines of products, which contain low fat, low calories or more fruit and vegetable, healthy alternative for the customers, which have been in great success for the last few years with some famous brands, such as: Fremium Fiesta Salad, New mans Own Low Fat Balsamic Vinargrette These types of foods will be developed in the next decade. Regarding to efficiency of investment, McDonalds will concentrate into expansion of restaurants in the world, mainly in the type of franchised restaurant, which have many advantages compare with restaurants operated by Company type. 1.5. How successful would you say this company has been since 2007? Cumulative total shareholder returns from 2007 to 2009 has been increased, higher than average of that of SP 500 index and Dow Jones Industrials (McDonalds, 2009). Net income is increased. Source: McDonalds Corporation Annual Report 2009 At the result of implementation of strategy Plan to Win, income and dividends were increased during period from 2007 to 2009, while revenue has been decreased. The number of restaurants operated by the Company decreased from 6,906 in 2007 to 6,262 in 2009, while franchised restaurants is increased from 24,471 in 2007 to 26,216 in 2009 (McDonalds, 2009) 2. Corporate Responsibility In accordance with the commitment to social responsibility, McDonalds focuses primarily on animal welfare, education, environment, people, quality, safety and Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC). Regarding to the animal welfare, McDonalds recognizes that its responsibility as purchaser of food products includes working with their suppliers to ensure good animal handling practices. Thus, it buys all its beef, fork and poultry products from suppliers who maintain the highest standards and share McDonalds commitment to animal welfare. Regarding to the education, McDonalds mould the future of the society and therefore, is committed to the education of the youths. Thus, they support school-age employees in their reaching of educational goals. Regarding to the people, McDonalds recognizes the importance of the employees, who is driving force to the Companys success. So, McDonalds is committed to creating an environment that value and respects their employees, recognizes and rewards their performance, as well as providing them with meaningful growth opportunities. Regarding to the quality and safety, McDonalds has set strictly enforcing high-quality and safety standards often exceeding those standards established by industry and governments, quality and safety are the most important items on McDonalds menu of success, because they give customer confidence to McDonalds. Regarding to the Ronald McDonalds House Charity (RMHC), McDonalds supports RMHC by providing free goods and services, covering 100 percent of management and general costs for RMHCs global office. Therein, RMHC works to improve the health and well-being of children by awarding grants to organizations and supporting 206 RMHC worldwide. Recently, McDonalds has many CSR initiatives; and these seem to focus mainly on the areas in which they ware accused. For example, on allegations of rainforest deforestation, McDonalds response was CSR initiatives in the field of environment. Where they were being accused of bad working conditions, they responded that McDonalds has been a leader in setting and strictly enforcing high-quality and safety standards often exceeding those standards established by industry and governments and contributing to this cause. Fortune Magazine has even ranked McDonalds as one of the most admired socially responsible company. 3. Crisis management McDonalds manages to overcome the crisis occurred for the last few years, such as: CSR case (McLibel trial) and economical crisis from 2008-2009. From the case McLibel In the middle of 1980s London Greenpeace began a campaign focusing on McDonalds as a high profile organization, symbolizing everything they considered wrong with prevailing corporate mentality. In 1986 London Greenpeace produced a 6-sided fact sheet called Whats wrong With McDonalds? Everything they dont want you to know, which accused McDonalds of exploiting children with advertising, promoting an unhealthy diet, exploiting their staff and being responsible for environmental damage and ill treatment of animals. In 1990, McDonalds served libel writs against the five activists who came up with the Whats wrong With McDonalds leaflet. Three of the five activists took the former suggestion, while Dave and Helen chose the former. On 28th June 1994, the McLibel trial began and the verdict was announced on 19th June 1997 in favour of McDonalds, which stated that Helen and Dave had not proved the allegations against McDonalds on rainforest deforestation, heart disease and cancer, food poison ing, starvation in the Third world and bad working conditions. However, they had proved that McDonalds exploited children with their advertising, falsely advise their food as nutritious, risk the health of their most popular, long term customers, are culpabably responsible for cruelty to animals, are strongly antipathetic to unions and pay their workers low wages. Justice Bell ruled that Helen and Dave had libelled McDonalds, but because they had proven many of allegation true, they would only pay half of the claimed damages, that was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤60.000. However, both Dave and Helens litigation fee and the damages had to pay were donated by the public. Recently, McDonalds has many CSR initiatives; and these seem to focus mainly on the areas in which they ware accused, such as through animal welfare, education, environment, people, quality and safety and Ronald McDonalds House Charity (RMHC), McDonalds has tried to do a lot of good to the community. Economical crisis from 2008-2009 During economic crisis from 2008-2009, the prices on energy, foods and commodities were high, financial market was frozen, rate of GDP of almost countries were low, high rate of unemployment, many companies in fast-food industry suffered loses, such as income have been turned down. However, during this period, McDonalds took necessary measure to stabilize the business, on this, keep relationship with the suppliers to ensure the continuous supply of necessary ingredients for its foods at the reasonable price. Therefore, the prices on foods were stable, revenue was increased, income growled up. In fact, McDonalds net income in 2008 were 4,313 billions and was 4551 billions in 2009. 4. Strategy What markets has it forced on? Over the past few years, McDonalds has focused on the emerging markets, such as China and Russia, where the rate of growth has been highest in the world, even in the time of economic downturn during 2008-2009, the revenue of McDonalds in China increased almost 16% annually, while in the same period, in US and in Europe the rate of growth decreased. Till now, China is the fastest market of McDonalds, where McDonalds operates 1.100 restaurants and plans to increase the number of its restaurants in China to 2.000 by 2013. What are the core strengths? Brand name McDonalds with Golden Arches logo have became the symbol of retail of low cost fast foods among the people, therefore McDonalds products are the first choice of customers in the market of fast foods services. Process management have been established providing business activities efficiency helped secure the quality of products and reduce the cost, which can compete with other fast food companies. Managements staffs, employees of McDonalds are high qualified, quick respond to the changing of the market (products and service innovation, remodelling of restaurants, improvement of technology, management). McDonalds economy scale and bargaining power dominance provide advantages in supplying of raw material (at low costs), that contribute to reduce the price on products lower than competitors. Would you describe the company as innovative? McDonalds is a innovative company because of the following activities: + From 1973, McDonalds was the first company in the world to provide customers with nutrition about the products its offers. + In order to meet requirement of customers to avoid obesity, McDonalds created new line of low fat products, in this Salad is one of the successful low fat bands. + In recent years, McDonalds has turned to new line of products, which are innovative and trendy, such as: coffee and beverage products with brand names McGriddle, Snack Wrap, premium coffee (take market share from Starbucks), Strawberry-banana and Wild berry (take market share from the fruity beverage sector). 5. Vision, Goals and how does it motivate its employees? 5.1. McDonalds mission statement In every stage of development of the Company, the mission of the Company has been changed to meet new goal and adapt trend of the market, and at present, McDonalds brand mission is to be our customers favourite place and way to eat. To implement the mission, Company has reinvented global strategy which called the Plan to Win, which identifies five core drivers that are: people, products, place, price and promotion. 5.2. What are its goals? As stated Jim Skimmer, Vice Chairman and CEO in annual report in 2009, the goals of the Company are improving the overall experience for customers of the Company. In accordance with report of Andy McKenna, Chairman in annual report in 2009, the goal of the Company are elevation of industry leadership of the Company, enhancing long term profitable growth, providing relevant offerings and supporting balanced lifestyles all contribute to the Companys continued success. 5.3. How does it motivate its employees? McDonalds recognizes the importance of the employees, who is driving force to the Companys success. Therefore, McDonalds has taken necessary measures, such as: create good conditions for working, living, studying and promotion. For example, September 2006, McDonalds Europe introduced the McPassport program, designed to help employees move and work in other McDonalds restaurants across Europe with relative ease. McDonalds Singapores vision, Every crew member can be a manager. McDonalds offers a unique training opportunity through the McDonalds University Accredited Programme. McDonalds builds a caring, warm community for employees, offers a variety of programs that franchised and company-operated restaurant employees can participate in to grow and develop, both personally and professionally. Healthcare options for McDonalds restaurant employees. 6. Would you like to work for this company and why? Studying McDonalds I would like to work for McDonalds for the following reasons: McDonalds is a qualified company managed by intellectual management teams, which has continuous developed with high rate and high profits. Therefore, McDonalds will secure the job for the long term. McDonalds encourages people to work creative. McDonalds provides good working conditions, social benefits, having a chance to education and of promotion.   The company follow CSR initiatives. 7. Summary McDonalds, with limited of fast-food menu, has served 60 million in almost 120 countries in the world every day and became the biggest company in the food industry and a one of 200 biggest companies in the world. The success of the McDonalds has shown the sample of efficiency management of MacDonalds Board of Management and Directory, which are: strategy in motivation of people, innovation of product, CSR initiatives, creation in management. Although in its history of foundation and development, there were difficulties, but McDonalds has overcame and adjusted these in time contributed in its development. At present, McDonalds still faces many difficulties, such as there are different campaign against McDonalds in advertising towards to children, or accuse its products effect obesity, but I think McDonalds will take necessary measures to overcame this difficulties.